H11/H12 Remediation Lesson

H11/H12 Civil Rights & GA - 20th Century Remediation Lesson

Brown vs Board of Ed

Brown vs Board of Ed

• 1954 

  U.S. Supreme Court declared segregated schools to be unconstitutional

• Schools must be desegregated with “all deliberate speed.”

• Case overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson

Brown vs Board of Ed

• Georgia General Assembly opposed the ruling.

• Declared the decision NULL AND VOID (Not Enforceable) 

• General Assembly threatened to stop funding integrated schools.

• Allowed the Governor (Herman Talmadge) to close desegregated schools.

The Georgia Flag

• Brown vs. Board of Education made many Georgians angry.

• Southern states urged white citizens to display acts of massive resistance. Georgia General Assembly decided to show their anger by changing the state flag   

• The GA legislature changed the state’s flag in reaction to the court’s ruling on Brown v BOE and desegregation.

• The 1956 flag was controversial because it had the Confederate battle emblem.

The Sibley Commission

GA established the Sibley Commission to investigate the public’s opinion of desegregation. Segregationist Governor Ernest Vandiver had a choice  Enforce the Supreme Court ruling OR Close Georgia’s public schools. He felt the Georgia voters should make this decision. Vandiver created a committee to investigate Georgians’ opinions on desegregation. Hired John Sibley, a segregationist lawyer, to hold hearings around GA.

The Sibley Commission

Sibley believed Georgia could not fight the federal government. Led 10 hearings across the state. Wanted to see if people wanted to resist the federal government or integrate schools.

 60% of Georgians claimed that they would rather close the public schools.  Despite the findings and his personal opinions, Sibley urged Vandiver to desegregate on a limited basis.

The Sibley Commission Recommendation

-Gov. Vandiver urged them to stay open because it would be detrimental to the students.

-He suggested that school districts should individually desegregate (either to do it or not and how).

-Vandiver then successfully urged the legislature to repeal segregation laws.

Multiple Choice

What was the ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown vs. Board of Education?

• Black schools would get more money for books and teachers.

• The separate but equal policy was unconstitutional.

• Schools would be segregated and kept separate.

• Blacks could only attend white schools if there was space available.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about the adoption of this flag are correct? Select all that apply.

• The flag was adopted in response to the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson.

• Georgia voters opposed the new flag and it was quickly replaced.

• Georgia adopted the flag to show the state's opposition to school integration.

• The flag was adopted in response to the decision in Brown v. Board of Education.

• Georgia adopted the flag to mark the anniversary of the Battle of Chickamauga.

Student NonViolent Coordinating Committee

Multiple Choice

Who was the first president of the Student NonViolent Coordinating Committee?

• Maynard Jackson

• Mad Man Maddox

• Andrew Young

• John Lewis

The March On Washington 

The March On Washington

• The March on Washington was led by Dr. King August, 1963

• The March on Washington organizers meet with President John F. Kennedy at the White House August, 1963.

• Martin Luther King, Jr., gave his most famous speech, “I Have a Dream” at the Lincoln Memorial

• The March led to the passage of  The Civil Rights Acts of 1964  The Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Multiple Select

What was a major effect of the March on Washington?

• It led to the creation of the Sibley Commission.

• It created momentum for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

• It helped many of the march's leaders to win political campaigns.

• It led to the president enacting most of the marchers' demands.

Lester and his son escort a black customer from the grounds of the Pickrick.

Lester Maddox as Governor

• He was the last segregationist governor of Georgia .

• However, he appointed more African-Americans to government positions than all prior Georgia governor's combined.

• Was elected as the last segregationist governor of Georgia.

Multiple Choice

Before he was governor of Georgia, how did Lester Maddox show his opposition to the 1964 Civil Rights Act?

• by trying to prevent African American students from entering a public school

• by refusing to serve African Americans at his restaurant

• by trying to prevent African American voters from exercising their rights

• by refusing to hire African Americans at his factory

Multiple Select

What did Lester Maddox accomplish as governor?

• changed the state flag to remove the Confederate symbols

• appointed more African Americans to state boards

• decreased funding to public schools and the arts

• started the lottery and HOPE scholarships

Andrew Young

Active in the Civil Rights Movement . Focused on voter registration drives for black citizens. In 1961 - resigned from his job and started working for the SCLC. He "citizenship schools" which taught nonviolent organizing strategies to potential leaders. 

Multiple Select

Andrew Young helped establish "citizenship schools" which taught

• the art of campaigning to potential black political leaders.

• young blacks their rights of citizenship.

• the basic principles found in the U.S. Constitution to high school students.

• nonviolent organizing strategies to potential leaders.

Maynard Jackson

• He increased the use of minority contractors.

• He addressed the need to expand the airport.

• He, along with Andrew Young, led an effort to have the Olympics held in Atlanta

Multiple Choice

He increased the use of minority contractors. ● He addressed the need to expand the airport. ● He led an effort to have the Olympics held in Atlanta.

Which mayor of Atlanta promoted these improvements for the city?

• Mayor McIntosh

• Andrew Young

• Maynard Jackson

• Jimmy Carter

Multiple Select

Which two men helped bring the Olympics to Atlanta and helped the city developed economically?

• Andrew Young

• Jimmy Carter

• Ivan Allen

• Maynard Jackson

Jimmy Carter

• worked to equalize funding for education (Governor of Georgia).

• help peace between Israel & Egypt (President of the United States)

• reorganized the state's executive branch (Governor of Georgia)

• promoted civil rights (Governor of Georgia)

• SALT II-Reduce Weapons Agreement (President of USA)

• Boycott 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow (President of USA)

• The Iran Hostage Crisis (President of USA)

Jimmy Carter - Past Presidency

• humanitarian causes.

• Founded the Carter Center

• Supported the Habitat for Humanity program (builds house for people in need)

• Winner of the Nobel Peace Prize Second Georgian to win the award (Martin Luther King Jr. was the first)

• Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Clinton

Multiple Select

During his term as governor, Jimmy Carter did all of the following. Check all that apply.

• worked to equalize funding for education.

• reorganized the state's executive branch

• negotiated peace between Israel and Egypt.

• promoted civil rights

Multiple Choice

Jimmy Carter's quotation inauguration as governor of Georgia.

"No poor, rural, weak, or black person should ever have to bear the additional burden of being deprived of the opportunity of an education, a job, or simple justice."

What does this quotation illustrate?

• Carter's belief in the rule of law

• Carter's support for ending segregation

• Carter's belief in laissez-faire economics

• Carter's support for private education

Multiple Choice

After serving as president of the United States, Jimmy Carter has directed the majority of his efforts toward

• his legal practice.

• historical research.

• business development.

• humanitarian causes.

Multiple Select

In the lead-up to the 1996 Summer Olympics, immigrants in the city of Atlanta played a significant role in providing the

• labor necessary to allow farms to keep up with the demands of city restaurants.

• investment needed to revitalize the city's downtown area.

• investment needed to complete new housing projects throughout the city.

• labor necessary for massive improvements to the city's infrastructure.

The Film Industry

• Georgia created Tax Incentives to encourage economic growth for the film industry/productions in Georgia.

• Georgia’s state and local governments offer financial incentives to production companies.

• The film industry has gone from $67 million in 2007, to almost $3 billion in 2017

• This all adds up to billions in the GA economy each year

Multiple Choice

In 2002 and 2008, Georgia created tax incentives to encourage the growth of what economically important industry?

• the film industry

• the fishing industry

• the coal industry

• the logging industry

Savannah Port Expansion

• Construction has begun on the Savannah Harbor Expansion Project (SHEP), which will deepen the 18.5-mile outer harbor to 49 ft at mean low water & the Savannah River channel to 47 ft.

• SHEP will enable port to more efficiently serve larger vessels expected to call in greater numbers after expansion of the Panama Canal.

• Lower prices per container slot on Post-Panamax vessels will benefit U.S. companies moving goods through Savannah, saving 20 to 40% on transportation.

• The Georgia Ports Authority supports more than 352,000 jobs & approx $18.5 billion in personal income annually.

Multiple Choice

Upon completion of the Savannah Harbor Expansion, the outer harbor will be deeper and wider. Why is there a need for this?

• More film locations are in Georgia and they use the harbor to shoot boating scenes.

• Tourism is at a all new high with many foreigners visiting Georgia.

• The Panama Canal is larger therefore larger ships are bringing heavier loads.

• The harbor was used in the Olympics in 1996 and caused some damaged to the area.