The Cell

The Cell

Structure, Function and Organization

What is a cell?

A cell is smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms. According to cell theory, there are 3 basic characteristics

- All organisms are made of one or more cells

- The cell is the basic unit of all organisms

- All cells come from existing cells

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is not part of the cell theory?

• Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
• All cells are produced from other cells.
• Only animal cells are composed of cells.
• All living things are composed of cells.

Multiple Choice

The _______ is the smallest structural and functional unit of a living thing. (this will be matching on the test)

• cell

• metabolism

• nutrition

• defense

Multiple Choice

What is one way in which all living things on Earth are alike?

• All living things have hair.

• All living things are made of cells and come from other cells.

• The cells of all living things have chloroplast.

• All living things can move.

Multiple Choice

What type of organisms does the cell theory apply to

• bacteria

• multicellular organisms

• plants and animals

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

What type of organisms does the cell theory apply to

• bacteria

• multicellular organisms

• plants and animals

• all of the above

Types of cells

• Eukaryotic - Contains membrane bound organelles and its DNA is located in the nucleus. All multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic.

• Prokaryotic - A single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles and its DNA is located in the cytoplasm

Prokaryotic cell structure

• Cytoplasm - fluid that fills cell

• DNA - contains genetic material

• Ribosomes - a specialized organelle that produces proteins

• Flagellum - a tail-like structure that enables the cell to move

• Cell wall - gives the cell structural support and protection, also acts as a filtering mechanism

Eukaryotic cell structure

Although eukaryotic cells can differ in their structure, they do share the following common parts.
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoskeleton (protein filaments that gives cells shape and support)
- Organelles (small bodies that perform specialized functions)
- Nucleus (organelle containing genetic information)

Multiple Choice

What type of cell is pictured?

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

• Plant

• Animal

Multiple Choice

What kind of cell is this?

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

Multiple Choice

All cells have cell membranes. What is the function (job) of the cell membrane?

• Allow certain things to enter and exit the cell.

• Allows all things to enter the cell.

• Does not allow anything to enter and exit.

• It is made out of wood.

Multiple Choice

Plants and animal cells are examples of ___ cells

• prokaryotic cells

• eukaryotic cells

Multiple Choice

What is cytoplasm? 

• The outside of the cell
• Another name for cells
• Another name for a nucleus
• The gel like liquid inside all cells

Multiple Choice

Chromosomes (DNA) are found in the __________________ in eukaryotic cells.

• Nucleus 
• Ribosome
• Cell Membrane 
• Cytoplasm 

Multiple Choice

What does it mean when you see a nucleus in a cell?

• The cell is empty

• The cell is prokaryotic

• The cell is eukaryotic

• This would not be a cell

Animal cells

One organelle an animal cell has that a plant cell does not is a lysosome. These are cells containing digestive enzymes which break down worn out or damaged organelles.

Plant cells

The following are additional parts plant cells have that animal cells do not.

- Cell wall (rigid structure that surrounds the membrane)

- Large central vacuole (filled with water and provides support)

- Chloroplasts (where photosynthesis occurs)

Multiple Choice

Tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell.

• membranes
• nucleus
• organelles
• animalicules

Multiple Choice

This organelle is in both plants and animals. It is a barrier between the cell and the environment. It controls what goes in and out of a cell.

• cell wall

• cell membrane

• cell organelles

• mitochondria

Multiple Choice

What organelle is called the "powerhouse" of a cell?

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Nucleolus

Multiple Choice

Which organelle belongs in both plant and animal cells?

• Cytoplasm

• Chloroplast

• Large Central Vacuole

• Cell Wall

Multiple Choice

An animal cell has the following except a/an...

• Nucleus

• Lysosome

• Cell Wall

• Endoplasmic reticulum

Multiple Choice

The vacuoles in ________ cells are smaller.

• Animal
• Plant

Multiple Choice

Which cell can change it's shape?

• Animal
• Plant

Multiple Choice

Which is the best description of a cell wall's function?

• keeps the organelles inside of the cell

• holds the cell up and keeps a square shape so the cell can stack on top of each other

• responsible for directing the activities of a cell

• is responsible for turning carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen

Multiple Choice

Choose the statement below that is TRUE.

• Plant and animal cells both have cell walls so the cell can maintain its shape.

• Animal cells do not have chloroplasts because animals do not require the use of photosynthesis to produce their food.

• Plant cells do not have a nucleus because plants are not living organisms like animals are.

• Animal cells do not have cytoplasm because an animal cell's organelles are free to move around as they please.