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Connections 1: Final Test Review

Connections 1: Final Test Review

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English, Professional Development, World Languages

Professional Development

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Created by

Jesse Nelson

Used 2+ times

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32 Slides • 0 Questions

1

Connections 1: Final Test Review

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Topics

  • Tag Questions

  • Emphatic Sentences

  • Perfect Modals

  • Passive Voice

  • First Conditional

  • Hope

  • Second Conditional

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Tag Questions

Who can tell me what are tag questions? Why do we use them?

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Tag Questions are used to confirm what we are saying is true or to seek agreement with someone.... aren't they?

Lets look at the rules....

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Tag Question Grammar Rules

  • An Affirmative Sentence will always come with a Negative Tag Question

  • A Negative Sentence will always come with an Affirmative Tag Question - this includes sentences with words: never, nothing, no one, nobody, etc.

  • The tag question is based off the subject and the verb tense - Example: He is smart, isn't he? / They were happy, weren't they?

  • Demonstative pronouns follow these rules: This/that --> it, These/Those --> They

  • Indefinite pronouns follow this rule: Someone/Somebody/Everybody/Everyone --> They

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Examples

  • She is an amazing cook, isn't she?

  • You had a lot of fun, didn't you?

  • Nobody likes pineapple pizza, do they?

  • Faby will be in class tomorrow, won't she?

  • We shouldn't go there, should we?

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Emphatic Sentences

  • What is an emphatic sentence? Why do we use it?

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Emphatic sentences are used to make the meaning of our sentence sound "stronger"

Let's dive in....

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Emphatic Sentences grammar rules:

  • If your sentence contains an AUX, use the AUX to emphasize your sentence (ex: can, will, must, has, don't, didn't, etc.)

  • If your sentence DOESN'T contain an AUX, use do, does, or did - this depends on the tense you're speaking in

  • If your sentence contains the verb "to be" as an AUX or verb - emphasize "to be" (ex: is, am, are, was, were)

  • If you use do, does, or did - make sure you change your verb to it's base form

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Examples:

  • This coffee tastes awful. --> This coffee DOES taste awful

  • John has worked hard all week. --> He HAS worked hard all week.

  • I went to the party. --> I DID go to the party.

  • She is beautiful. --> She IS beautiful.

  • I hate pineapple pizza. --> I DO hate pinneapple pizza.

  • We don't know them. --> We DON'T know them.

  • I had a lot of fun. --> I DID have a lot of fun.

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Perfect Modals

What are Perfect Modals? What are the four we learned?

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Perfect Modals are used to express degrees of certainty.

should have, must have, may/might have, could have

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Perfect Modals expression and grammar:

  • Should Have - expresses past advice - "you should have done this, but you didn't"

  • Must Have - expresses strong possibility - "this must have happened, I'm very sure of it"

  • May/Might Have - expresses possibility - "this might have happened, but I'm not sure"

  • Could Have - expresses past ability - "this could have happened, but we know it didn't"

  • Subject + Perfect Modal + Past Participle + Compliment

  • Always use the Past Participle in these sentences

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Examples: "I failed the exam."

  • You should have studied more. - this is my ADVICE

  • The test must have been difficult. - I'm VERY SURE it was, it's a strong possibility

  • You might have misunderstood some questions. - I'm NOT SURE, but it's a possibility

  • You could have passed the test. - This DIDN'T HAPPEN, but you had the ability to

  • Can anyone provide more examples???

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Examples: "I didn't wear a coat when I was outside yesterday and now I feel sick."

  • You should have worn a coat. - What other past advice do you have?

  • It must have been very cold yesterday. - What other strong possibilities can you think of?

  • It may have rained too. - What other possiblities are there?

  • You could have checked the weather before going outside. - What other past abilities are there?


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Passive Voice

What is the Passive Voice? When would we use it?

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The Passive Voice is used when the focus of the sentence is the direct object (the thing the action happens to)

Let's dig deeper.... :)

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Passive Voice grammar rules:

  • Object (s) + Verb "To Be" + Past Participle + Agent

  • Passive Voice can be used in any tense: Present, Past, Future, Perfect, Progressive - Verb "To Be" determines the tense

  • The Agent is always used with the word "by" (ex: by them, by Faby, by the students)

  • If the Agent is not known OR very unimportant, then don't put it

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Passive Voice Verb Tenses:

  • Simple Present: Active - John cleans the house. / Passive: The house is cleaned by John. - Verb "To Be": is, are, am

  • Simple Past: Active: John cleaned the house. / Passive: The house was cleaned by John. - Verb "To Be": was, were

  • Future Tense: Active: John will clean the house. / Passive: The house will be cleaned by John. - Verb "To Be": will be

  • Perfect Tense: Active: John has cleaned the house. / Passive: The house has been cleaned by John. - Verb "To Be": have/has been

  • Present Progressive: Active: John is cleaning the house. / Passive: The house is being cleaned by John. - Verb "To Be": is, are, am being

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First Conditional - Present Real

What does the first conditional express??

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The Present Real expresses true or possible ideas/events in the present or future

These events can REALLY happen - they are possible based on current circumstances

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First Conditional grammar rules

  • Divided into two clauses - "if clause" and "result clause"

  • If clause - verb is ALWAYS in the SIMPLE PRESENT

  • Result clause - AUX is "will" + verb is ALWAYS base form

  • The AUX can express different degrees of certainty - might/can/should

  • Grammar Structure:

    If + subj + verb (SP) + comp + , + noun + will + verb (base) + comp

  • A conditional sentence can be written backwards as well:

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Examples:

  • If I am hungry, I will eat pizza.

  • If she goes to the mall, she will buy clothes.

  • If they go to class, they will learn a lot.

  • If Ria wants a dog, I won't buy her one.

  • If I'm not tired, I won't take a nap.

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Hope Clauses

These are connected to the Present Real...

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Hope clauses express a wish about the future, however, we use the SIMPLE PRESENT to express this.

These are real situations people hope for

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Hope Clauses Grammar Rules

  • Grammar Structure:

    Subj + HOPE(S) + noun (subj/obj) + verb (SP) + comp

  • Sentences can express hopes for yourself or others - but the SIMPLE PRESENT is always used

  • Negative Grammar Structure

    Subj + HOPE(S) + noun (subj/obj) + DON'T/DOESN'T + verb (base) + comp

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Examples:

  • I hope I win the lottery.

  • She hopes I like her cooking.

  • They hope they get a lot of gifts.

  • We hope we don't fail the test!

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Second Conditional - Present Unreal

Let's take a look

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The Present Unreal expresses untrue situations/ideas/events about the present with a DESIRED consequence - opposite of reality

We ALWAYS use the SIMPLE PAST + WOULD to express this

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Present Unreal Grammar Rules

  • If clause - SIMPLE PAST

  • Result Clause - WOULD

  • Grammar Structure

    If + subj + verb (past) + comp + , + noun + would + verb (base) + comp

  • Verb to be - ALWAYS use WERE/WEREN'T in if clause

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Examples;

  • If I liked that music, I would listen to it

  • If she ate a lot of candy, she wouldn't be healthy.

  • If I loved baseball, I wouldn't miss a game.

  • If the Celtics won the championship, I would be so happy.

  • If the students didn't come to class, they wouldn't review for the test.

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The End

Please study... :D

Connections 1: Final Test Review

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