RC2-Mechanics of Genetics

RC2-Mechanics of Genetics

6A - Identify Components of DNA and how it codes for traits

6E - Mutations(Change in DNA)

6F - Genetics and Punnett Squares

6.A - Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA

• Part 1 - Identify components of DNA

• Part 2 - describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA

Part 1 - Identify components of DNA

• DNA =Stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

• DNA is made up of Nucleotides(Monomer of Nucleic Acids)

Nucleotides (CHONP)

• The monomer of DNA/RNA.

  -Made of (1)Sugar, (2)Phosphate and a (3)Nitrogenous Base

• -Elements are Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.

• The sequence of Nitrogen Bases codes for traits.

Part 2 - describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA

The sequence of nitrogen bases code for traits.

Protein synthesis starts with DNA within the nucleus. DNA is then turned into mRNA. mRNA finds a ribosome and makes an amino acid chain (aka Protein)

What codes for traits?

the order (sequence) of Nitrogenous Base**This is what the answer usually has within it. **

Adenine goes with Thymine(Apples and Trees)

Cytosine goes with Guanine(Cars and Garages)

Practicing DNA Replication

Remember the base-pairing rules for DNA,

A=T --> Apples grow on Trees

C-G --> Cars go in Garages

Lets Practice DNA Replication

Template DNA Strand --= 3' ATA-CGT-AGT 5'

Complementary Strand =5'___-___-___3'

Time for Practice

Complete Pages 12 and 13 before we move forward.

We will go over these 5 questions in about 5 minutes.

6E - identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of these changes

6E - Identify and illustrate changes in DNA (Mutations)

The mutation is any change in DNA

-This can be good or bad.

-Insertion - Addition of a nucleotide

-Deletion - Take away a nucleotide

-Substation - Changing 1 nucleotide for another

Time for Practice

Complete Pages 28 before we move forward.

We will go over these 3 questions in about 5 minutes.

6F - predict possible outcomes of various genetic combinations such as monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses, and non-Mendelian inheritance

Punnett Squares

Must know Vocabulary

• Genotype = The alleles that code for the trait (Ex. = Bb)

• Phenotype = The physical trait of an organism..(Ex. = Brown eyes))

• Dominate = always expressed if present(Capital letter) (Ex. = B)

• Recessive = only expressed if both alleles are receive(Lowercase letter) (Ex. = b)

• Homozygous Dominate = Genotype with 2 dominate alleles (Ex. = BB)

• Heterozygous= Genotype with 1 dominant and 1 receive allele (Ex. = Bb)

• Homozygous Redceive= Genotype with 2 receive alleles (Ex. = bb)

Time for Practice

Complete Pages 29before we move forward.

We will go over these 3 questions in about 5 minutes.