indirect statement 2: perfect tense main verbs

indirect statement 2: imperfect and perfect tense main verbs

Indirect Statement so far...

• Verb of the Head

• followed by accusative (that turns into the subject)

• also followed by infinitive (that is translated as a regular verb)

• let's review some verbs of the head first...

Multiple Choice

cogito

• to know

• to think

• to believe

• to hear

Multiple Choice

audio

• to know

• to think

• to believe

• to hear

Multiple Choice

credo

• to know

• to think

• to believe

• to hear

Multiple Choice

scio

• to know

• to think

• to believe

• to hear

We translated infinitives according to their tense.

• present infinitives (-re)-- am, is, are verbing (amare- is loving)

• perfect infinitives (-sse)-- have, has verbed (amavisse- has loved)

• future infinitives (URus +esse)-- will verb (amaturus esse- will love)

• Try it out a little....

Multiple Choice

Dux credit milites pugnavisse fortiter.

dux, ducis- leader

credo, credere- believe

miles, itis- soldier

pugno, pugnare, pugnavi, pugnatus- to fight

fortiter- bravely

• The leader believes that the soldiers are fighting bravely.

• The leader believes that the soldiers have fought bravely.

• The leader believes that the soldiers will fight bravely.

Multiple Choice

Dux credit milites pugnare fortiter.

dux, ducis- leader

credo, credere- believe

miles, itis- soldier

pugno, pugnare, pugnavi, pugnatus- to fight

fortiter- bravely

• The leader believes that the soldiers are fighting bravely.

• The leader believes that the soldiers have fought bravely.

• The leader believes that the soldiers will fight bravely.

Multiple Choice

Dux credit milites pugnaturos esse fortiter.

dux, ducis- leader

credo, credere- believe

miles, itis- soldier

pugno, pugnare, pugnavi, pugnatus- to fight

fortiter- bravely

• The leader believes that the soldiers are fighting bravely.

• The leader believes that the soldiers have fought bravely.

• The leader believes that the soldiers will fight bravely.

Easy, right?

• good... but...

• not every main verb is present tense

• so, before I show you how to translate an indirect statement with new tenses...

• we are going to do a quick review of these tenses

Imperfect Tense

• stem (2 pp minus -re)

• add BA

• add endings

• cogitabant

• sciebamus

• translate as was verbing or were verbing

The Perfect Tense

• perfect stem (3rd pp minus i)

• add perfect tense endings

• i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt

• cogitaverunt

• dixit

• translate as have verbed or has verbed

Multiple Choice

Translate the following verb:

credidit

• he was believing

• he has believed

Multiple Choice

Translate the following verb:

nuntiabamus

• we were announcing

• we have announced

Where this gets complicated......

• third conjugation

• present tense: 2 pp plus o, is, it, imus, itis, unt

• perfect tense: 3pp plus i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt

• dicit vs. dixit

• credunt vs. crediderunt

Multiple Choice

intellegit

intellego, intellegere, intellexi, intellectus

• he understands

• he has understood

Multiple Choice

crevisti

cerno, cernere, crevi, cretus

• you discern

• you have discerned

Multiple Choice

sciverunt

scio, scire, scivi, scitus

• they know

• they have known

Multiple Choice

scribit

scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus

• he writes

• he has written

So now what do we do when a verb is imperfect or perfect?

• imperfect/perfect tense with present infinitive-- was or were verbing

• Magistra scivit discipulos laborare.

• The teacher knew that the students were working.

So now what do we do when a verb is imperfect or perfect?

• imperfect/perfect tense with perfect infinitive-- had verbed

• Magistra scivit discipulos laboravisse.

• The teacher knew that the students had worked.

So now what do we do when a verb is imperfect or perfect?

• imperfect/perfect tense with future infinitive-- would verb

• Magistra scivit discipulos laboratos esse.

• The teacher knew that the students would work.

Multiple Choice

What is the best translation of the following sentence?

Dux credidit milites pugnavisse fortiter.

dux- leader credo- believe

pugno, are, avi, atus- to fight

fortiter- bravely

• The leader believed that the soldiers were fighting bravely.

• The leader believed that the soldiers had fought bravely.

• The leader believed that the soldiers would fight bravely.

Multiple Choice

What is the best translation of the following sentence?

Dux credidit milites pugnare fortiter.

dux- leader credo- believe

pugno, are, avi, atus- to fight

fortiter- bravely

• The leader believed that the soldiers were fighting bravely.

• The leader believed that the soldiers had fought bravely.

• The leader believed that the soldiers would fight bravely.

Multiple Choice

What is the best translation of the following sentence?

Dux credidit milites pugnaturos esse fortiter.

dux- leader credo- believe

pugno, are, avi, atus- to fight

fortiter- bravely

• The leader believed that the soldiers were fighting bravely.

• The leader believed that the soldiers had fought bravely.

• The leader believed that the soldiers would fight bravely.

All possible varieties

• present verb of head with present infinitive- am/is/are verbing

• present verb of head with perfect infinitive- has/have verbed

• present verb of the head with future infinitive- will verb

• imperfect/perfect verb of head with present infinitive- was/were

• imperfect/perfect verb of head with perfect infinitive- had verbed

• imperfect/perfect verb of the head with future infinitive- would

Multiple Choice

Nuntius nuntiavit ducem capere hostes.

nuntius, i- messenger

nuntio, are, avi, atus- to report

dux, ducis- leader hostis- enemy

capio, capere, cepe, captus- capture

• The messenger reported that the leader was capturing the enemies.

• The messenger reports that the leader is capturing the enemies.

• The messenger reported that the leader to capture the enemies.

Multiple Choice

Nuntius nuntiat ducem capturum esse hostes.

nuntius, i- messenger

nuntio, are, avi, atus- to report

dux, ducis- leader hostis- enemy

capio, capere, cepe, captus- capture

• The messenger reports that the leader has captured the enemies.

• The messenger reported that the leader would capture the enemies.

• The messenger reports that the leader will capture the enemies.

Multiple Choice

Nuntius nuntiat ducem cepisse hostes.

nuntius, i- messenger

nuntio, are, avi, atus- to report

dux, ducis- leader hostis- enemy

capio, capere, cepe, captus- capture

• The messenger reports that the leader has captured the enemies.

• The messenger reported that the leader had captured the enemies.

• The messenger reports that the leader was capturing the enemies.

Multiple Choice

Nuntius nuntiavit ducem cepisse hostes.

nuntius, i- messenger

nuntio, are, avi, atus- to report

dux, ducis- leader hostis- enemy

capio, capere, cepe, captus- capture

• The messenger reports that the leader has captured the enemies.

• The messenger reported that the leader had captured the enemies.

• The messenger reported that the leader was capturing the enemies.

Multiple Choice

Nuntius nuntiavit ducem capturum esse hostes.

nuntius, i- messenger

nuntio, are, avi, atus- to report

dux, ducis- leader hostis- enemy

capio, capere, cepe, captus- capture

• The messenger reports that the leader will capture the enemies.

• The messenger reported that the leader had captured the enemies.

• The messenger reported that the leader would capture the enemies.

Multiple Choice

Nuntius nuntiat ducem capere hostes.

nuntius, i- messenger

nuntio, are, avi, atus- to report

dux, ducis- leader hostis- enemy

capio, capere, cepe, captus- capture

• The messenger reports that the leader will capture the enemies.

• The messenger reports that the leader is capturing the enemies.

• The messenger reported that the leader has captured the enemies.