Ch. 13: The Geography and Settlement of India (pt. 1)
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Social Studies, Geography, History
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6th Grade
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Hard
MAX SHEAHAN
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13 Slides • 12 Questions
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Ch. 13: The Geography and Settlement of India (pt. 1)
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Intro
In this unit, you will explore the geography of the area, including its rivers, mountains, plains, plateaus, deserts, and valleys. These physical features influenced where ancient India's civilization arose.
Early towns began to appear in India in about 2500 B.C.E. Over the next 2,000 years, a unique civilization developed in India.
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Origin Story
According to an ancient Indian story, a river god and a river goddess once lived in the snow-covered Himalayas (him-uh-LAY-uhz), a mountain range extending through northern India. One day, the two decided to race down the mountains to the plains below. The river goddess sped straight down and won the race. But her joy soon turned to worry. Where was the river god?
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The river god had slowed down to admire the snowcapped mountains and the rich brown earth in the valleys. In time, he flowed down to meet his goddess. The two rivers became one, joined forever on India's plains. The rivers made the land good for farming.
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Brahmaputra River
Our exploration of India begins with the Brahmaputra (brah-muh-POO-truh) River. This river runs through the steep Himalayas, the mountains along the northern border of India. From there, the Brahmaputra winds through snowcapped mountains and narrow canyons. The water is clear and cold as it rushes over the sharp rocks.
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The river becomes slower and deeper as it flows into its valley. Every summer, this part of the river receives added water from heavy monsoon rains. A monsoon is a strong wind that often brings huge amounts of rain. These rains can cause the river to overflow its banks. As the river recedes, the rich minerals that have been carried down from the Himalayas remain in the soil of the valley.
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Eventually, the Brahmaputra River joins another river, the Ganges (GAN-jeez), on the plains. The land where the two rivers meet is very fertile.
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Deccan Plateau
The Deccan (DEH-kuhn) Plateau is a triangle-shaped area that lies between two mountain ranges in southern India. A plateau is an elevated, or raised, area of land that is flatter than a mountain.
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Deccan Plateau
The plateau is fairly dry. There are a few rivers, but the monsoon rains provide most of the water. The soil on the plateau is black, yellow, or red. The black soil is rich in iron and good for growing cotton. The yellow and red soils lack key minerals. This makes it harder for farmers to grow plants in those areas.
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Eastern and Western Ghats
The Eastern and Western Ghats are long mountain chains near the coasts of India. The Eastern Ghats extend along India's east coast. The Western Ghats extend along the west coast. When seen from above, the Ghats form a large “V.” The Deccan Plateau lies between these two mountain ranges.
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Ganges River
The Ganges River flows across most of northern India. It starts in the Himalaya Mountains. The river makes its way south through ice, rocks, and magnificent mountains and valleys.
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Ganges River
The river carries silt from the Himalayas to the northern plains. As the river passes through the plains, it leaves the rich sediment behind. As a result, the northern plains contain some of the most fertile farmland in the world.
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Ganges River
Melted ice carried down from the Himalayas provides the Ganges River plains with a good supply of water. During the rainy season, the river can flood and destroy crops planted along its banks.
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Ch. 13: The Geography and Settlement of India (pt. 1)
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