Unit 1 and 2 - LEAP Review 20-21

LEAP Review 20-21

Mrs. Petroski's 8th Grade Science Class

Earth's Layers

Unit 1

Multiple Choice

What layer is shown by letter D?

• Crust

• Mantle

• Outer core

• Inner core

Multiple Select

Select the types of crust (Select all that apply)

• continental

• garlic butter

• oceanic

• volcanic

Multiple Choice

What layer is shown by letter C?

• Crust
• Mantle
• Outer core
• Inner core

Multiple Choice

What layer is shown by letter B?

• Crust
• Mantle
• Outer core
• Inner core

Multiple Choice

What layer is shown by letter A?

• Crust
• Mantle
• Outer core
• Inner core

Multiple Choice

Scientists who study the layers of the Earth are called...

• biologists

• astrologists

• geologists

• botanists

Multiple Choice

How does temperature change as you move from the crust to the core?

• it gets cooler
• it gets hotter
• it stays the same
• the core is frozen

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth's layers?

• crust, mantle, inner core, outer core
• mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
• inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
• crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Multiple Choice

Which layer of Earth is broken up into giant moving plates?

• Asthnosphere

• Lithosphere

• Inner core

• Outer core

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes Earth's asthenosphere?

• Liquid rock that can reach the surface

• Solid rock that is broken into plates

• Dense molten rock that moves the crust

• Metal rock at the center of the Earth

Multiple Choice

Oceans and other bodies of water are found on which layer of Earth?

• Outer core

• Crust

• Mantle

• Inner core

Multiple Choice

Why does hot mantle rise (go/move up)?

• hot = less dense

• hot = no change

• hot = more dense

Convection in the Mantle

Unit 1

Multiple Choice

If magma decreases in temperature (cooler) what will happen to the magma?

• It will move down (sink)

• It will rise up (float)

Multiple Choice

If magma increases in temperature (get hot) what will happen?

• It moves down (sinks)

• It moves up (rises)

Multiple Choice

What layer of earth changes because of the convection cycle?

• Crust

• Core

• Mantle

Multiple Choice

Which state of matter is least dense?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Multiple Choice

What is magma made of?

• solid rock

• melted rock

• small pieces of sediment

Multiple Choice

Which material is more dense?

• solid

• liquid

• gas

Multiple Choice

A diagram of Earth's layers is provided. Which letter in the diagram identifies the layer scientists believe to be in a liquid state?

• Location A

• Location B

• Location C

• Location D

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the Earth is the thinnest?

• Crust

• Mantle

• Outer core

• Inner core

Multiple Choice

Which layer of Earth do scientists believe is most likely made of solid matter?

• Crust

• Mantle

• Outer Core

• Inner Core

Continental Drift

Unit 1

Multiple Choice

Which type of plate is older?

• continental
• oceanic

Multiple Choice

Originally the Continental drift theory was not well received by other scientist. Why?

• There was a competing theory at the time that was more believable.

• There was no data showing the continents ever moved.

• The scientists did not know the force responsible for moving the continents.

• The scientist presenting the data was unreliable.

Multiple Choice

What is the force that moves the continents?

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

• Conveyor belts

Multiple Choice

True or False: When liquid gets hot, it becomes less dense.

• true
• false

Multiple Choice

What is an underwater mountain range where new ocean floor is made?

• subduction
• mid-ocean ridge
• deep-sea trench

Multiple Choice

Who first proposed the theory of continental drift'?

• Galileo
• Wegener
• Hess

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the supercontinent that formed from about 200-100  million years ago?

• Pangaea
• Laurasia

Multiple Choice

What is it called when on plate is pushed usder another plate as they collide?

• earthquakes

• subduction

Multiple Choice

What is it called when two oceanic plates move apart and new crust is formed?

• crustal integrating
• sea-floor spreading

Multiple Choice

What type of plate is thicker?

• continental 
• oceanic

Plate Tectonics

Unit 1

Multiple Choice

In some areas of the world, like California and Japan, earthquakes are a common occurrence. How can this best be explained?

• The strong ocean currents are undermining both areas causing earthquakes.

• Both areas are located near the edge of the Pacific Ocean, the unstable sand causes earthquakes.

• Both areas are subjected to strong ocean wind and waves that causes earthquakes.

• Both areas are on the boundary of active plates, the motion of the plates causes earthquakes.

Multiple Choice

What evidence was NOT used by Wegener as proof of continental drift?

• land features

• erosion

• climate

• fossils

Multiple Choice

What type of boundary is this?

• convergent

• divergent

• transform

Multiple Choice

What type of boundary is this?

• convergent

• transform

• divergent

Multiple Choice

What type of boundary is this?

• convergent

• divergent

• transform

Multiple Choice

The Marianas Trench, where the Pacific Plate descends under the leading edge of the Eurasian Plate, is the deepest sea floor in the world. These ocean trenches form when two oceanic plates collide

• and the older, less dense of the two plates rides over the edge of the older plate.

• when convection currents in the mantle force the older plate downward.

• and the younger, denser of the two plates, rides over the edge of the older plate.

• and the plates are approximately the same age and density.

Multiple Choice

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by a shift in two plates that pushed one section of the sea floor under another section of the sea floor by 5 meters. What type of boundary is this?

• divergent

• convergent

• transform

• metamorphic

Multiple Choice

Where are earthquakes MOST LIKELY to occur?

• close to the equator

• close to the center of tectonic plates

• at divergent or convergent plate boundaries

• at transform plate boundaries

Multiple Choice

The map in the picture shows tectonic plate boundaries. This map would be useful in predicting the location of future

• droughts

• hurricanes

• earthquakes

• tornadoes

Multiple Choice

Observe this diagram of a plate boundary. One statement BEST describes what is happening. It is that

• the oceanic crust is melting.

• the denser ceanic crust is subducting under the less dense oceanic crust

• volcanic islands are forming.

• the tectonic plates are moving away from each other.

Multiple Choice

There are three types of plate boundaries. Which choice is NOT a type of plate boundary?

• convergent
• thrust
• divergent
• transform

The Rock Cycle

Unit 1

Multiple Choice

What is underground molten rock?

• Lava

• Magma

• Soil

• Intrusive

Multiple Choice

What is it called when layers pile up and press down on the material below?

• Compaction

• Layering

• Cementation

• I don't know

Multiple Choice

What is aboveground molten rock?

• Extrusive

• Magma

• Lava

• Sedimentary

Multiple Choice

Hawaii was formed from volcanoes which means most of its land and rock is igneous rock.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

Sedimentary rocks may contain fossils.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

During the rock cycle, what forms when the magma cools?

• igneous rocks
• sedimentary rock
• metamorphic rock
• foliated rock

Multiple Choice

The name rock is given when it is broken down into smaller pieces.

• texture
• weathering
• sediment
• erosion

Multiple Choice

The process by which metamorphic rocks are formed...

• heat and pressure
• erosion and deposition
• melting and cooling

Multiple Choice

The process by which metamorphic rock changes to igneous rock begins with

• melting

• erosion

• deposition

• crystallization

Multiple Choice

True or False: Once a rock is sedimentary, it cannot become an igneous rock.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

The process when rocks break into smaller pieces due to exposure to natural elements is called

• erosion
• weathering
• sediments

Multiple Choice

What are the 3 major types of rocks?

• Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
• Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation
• Brown, Red, Gray
• Streak, Hardness, Breakage

Multiple Choice

Metamorphic rocks were once...

• igneous rocks that cooled too quickly.

• sedimentary rocks that were changed by time, heat, and pressure.

• seashells that are pressed together.

• layers of mud and sand that built up over time.

Multiple Choice

What causes igneous rocks to form

• pressure

• cooling magma and lava

• compaction

• cementation