Molecular and Cellular Biology Review Part I

Molecular and Cellular Biology Review Part I

Biomolecules and Cells

Multiple Choice

Which figure identifies the monomer that is used to create the polymer responsible for giving short term energy to the cell?

Multiple Choice

The graph shows the energy of the reactants and

products of a biochemical reaction, as well as its activation energy without an enzyme. How would an enzyme affect the reaction?

• The activation energy would become lower and the reaction will speed up

• The activation energy would become higher and the reaction will speed up

• The energy difference between the reactants and products would decrease

• The products will change into different products

Multiple Choice

Many fish and aquatic plants can survive a cold winter because the layer of ice that forms at the top of the lake insulates the water below and prevents the lake from freezing solid. What unique property of water contributes to this effect?

• Water absorbs heat when it evaporates and forms a gas

• Water expands and becomes less dense when it freezes

• Water molecules completely separate into ions in solutions

• Water forms hydrogen bonds with ions and other polar substances

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cell/plasma membrane?

• It is a phospholipid bilayer

• It is a highly selective barrier

• It creates energy/ATP for the cell

• It uses active or passive transport to regulate passage of molecules

Multiple Choice

All living things need to transport molecules from one place to another in order to carry out necessary life functions. Living things often transport these molecules by dissolving them in water and then moving the resulting solution from place to place. What allows water to perform the function mentioned above?

• high specific heat and hydrogen bonding

• high heat of vaporization and covalent bonding

• good solvent and polarity

• density and cohesion

Multiple Choice

An individual cell of an entire multicellular organism may be between 70% to 90% water; moreover, cells and organisms resist rapid temperature change and maintain homeostasis. This important characteristic is based on what property of water?

• One water molecule can covalently bond to another water molecule

• The strong ionic bonds between water molecules

• The low vaporization of water

• The high heat capacity of water

Multiple Choice

Which structure in found in both animal cell and plant cell and is responsible synthesizing proteins?

• 9- mitochondria

• 6- Golgi apparatus

• 3- ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

• 2- nucleus

Multiple Choice

Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed and is not part of the modern cell theory because of the new scientific knowledge?

• Cells form through spontaneous generation.

• All cells come from other preexisting cells.

• Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

• All living things are made of cells.

Multiple Choice

When animal cells are placed in low concentrations of saltwater, they can burst. However, plant cells exposed to the same low concentration of saltwater rarely burst. Why is this so?

• Animal cells have more permeable cell membranes than plant cells.

• Animal cells absorb more water than plant cells.

• Plant cells have cell membranes that prevent the cell from bursting.

• Plant cells have cell walls that prevent the cell from bursting.

Multiple Choice

What is the structure and function of letter “A”?

• Cytoplasm- holds organelle in place

• Nucleolus- contains information needed for DNA

  replication

• Rough Endoplasmic reticulum- provides the

  surface area for protein synthesis

• Golgi bodies- lipid synthesis

Multiple Choice

The diagrams above show the structures of a plant and an animal cell. Which statement expresses the BEST comparison of the two cells?

• The plant cell has a nucleus, while the animal cell does not

• The plant cell has a large central vacuole, while the animal cell has smaller vacuoles

• The plant cell and animal cell have a cell wall

• The animal cell has a chloroplast, while the plant cell does not

Multiple Choice

There are three “rules” that are universally accepted as parts to the cell theory. However, there are some exceptions to the cell theory. Which of the following is an exception?

• All living things are made up of cells

• Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life

• Cells come from pre-existing cells

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts are self-replicating and can reproduce independently

Multiple Choice

A cell can be classified based in the structures present in the cell. The illustration above shows three different types of cells. Which structure is common to all three types of cells?

• DNA contained in a nucleus

• A cell wall that surrounds the cell

• A cell membrane that surrounds the cell

• Ribosomes contained in endoplasmic reticulum

Multiple Choice

Which structures are found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• plasma/cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes

• plasma/cell membrane, nucleus, and DNA

• DNA, ribosomes, and cell wall

• plasma/cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Multiple Choice

The combined observations of Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann and Rudolph Virchow resulted in the formation of the cell theory. Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?

• All cells come from other living cells.

• All living organisms are made of one or more cells.

• Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.

• All cells contain a nucleus.