Evolution review

EVOLUTION REVIEW

Fossil record shows the sequential change of organisms through time, show evolution from a common ancestor.

Multiple Choice

Rocks containing 450 million year old Ordovician fossils contain jawless fish. Younger Devonian rocks that are only 400 million years old contain fossils of jawless fish and fish with jaws. This evidence supports the idea that -

• species can suddenly appear in the fossil record.

• there are large gaps in the fossil record.

• older rocks are found above younger rocks.

• groups of species have changed sequentially.

Multiple Choice

All of the following can be told from the fossil record EXCEPT -

• the order in which organisms appeared.

• the number of organisms that existed.

• the environment the organisms lived in.

• the approximate age of past organisms.

Multiple Choice

The graph shows the number of taxa of reptiles whose fossilized tracks have been found.

Which statement is best supported by this data?

• competition for food and shelter among reptile species was very low during the Triassic period.

• A great Extinction occurred during the Jurassic period

• Environmental conditions for speciation where are most favorable for reptiles during the Permian period

• Reptiles added to the terrestrial environment during the Cretaceous period.

Multiple Choice

This diagram of the fossil record represents changes in mollusks over millions of years.

How can the pattern of change in the fossil record best be explained?

• The mollusks were well adapted to their stable environment. A large, sudden change occurred in their environment. After the change the mollusks with the bigger shells were better adapted for the new environment.

• The mollusk were well adapted to their stable environment. The mollusks hybridized with a smaller species of mollusks. A new species of mollusks with a bigger shelf resulted.

• The mollusks were not well adapted to their environment. The length of a mollusk shells changed gradually over time. The mollusk in the original population that had small shells died over a period of many years.

• The mollusks were well adapted to their environment. Humans introduced a new species of mollusk that was not adopted to this environment. The introduced mollusk out-competed the native mollusk species.

Multiple Choice

The opossum, which is native to North America, and the kangaroo, which is native to Australia, are marsupials.

The fact that these mammals incubate their immature Offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they-

• belong to the same species

• Must range great distances to eat

• have very similar skeletal structures

• are descended from a common ancestor

Multiple Choice

The limbs of several organisms are shown in the illustrations below. Scientists sometimes compare the limbs of these organisms to look for evidence of common ancestry. These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they-

• have the same basic structure

• perform the same function

• are the same size

• are parts of mammals

Multiple Choice

The image shows parts of the humerus bone in different genera of primates.

which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humerus bones?

• The primates lived in a similar environment.

• The primates shared a common ancestor.

• The primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population.

• The primates of diets that consisted of similar types of foods.

Multiple Choice

Genome Maps provide the DNA sequences of chromosomes. some scientists have compared The genome maps of a hedgehog and a sloth. What do these genome Maps allow the scientists to determine?

• The color patterns of The Offspring of each species

• How much does size ranges of the two species differ

• The methods of protein synthesis that each species uses

• How closely related the two species are to each other

Multiple Choice

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. the table shows for partial amino acid sequences for four organisms.

Which organism is the least related to the other three organisms?

• organism 1

• organism 2

• organism 3

• organism 4

Multiple Choice

Why is embryology a good indicator of evolution?

• All embryos use the same genes at the exact same instant during development

• The embryos of various groups of vertebrates all share the same features of early development, suggesting an evolutionary relationship

• Embryological development occurs at the same pace in all organisms

• The fact that any organisms undergo embryological development at all suggests evolution

Multiple Choice

Adaptation that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, which of the following best describes Fitness?

• being able to escape from predators

• being among the strongest organisms in a population

• being able to survive, find a mate, and reproduce offspring

• being able to survive long enough to reach the adult stage

Multiple Choice

Nudibranchs are Marine gastropods that lack shells. many of these gastropods retain the foul-tasting poisons of their prey and secrete them when threatened. the bright coloration of Nudibranchs warns predators to avoid them. Based on this information, how has adaptation allowed Marine gastropods to be successful without a shell?

• They find enough food as a move through the marine environment.

• They blend in with their environment to hide from their predators.

• They are not attacked by most predators and are able to reproduce successfully.

• They have bright colors that attract a mate.

Multiple Choice

Which condition is essential for natural selection to result in a new species?

• unlimited resources

• an inherited variation

• a static environment

• a long life span

Multiple Choice

Changes in allele frequencies that are the result of genetic drift result from which of the following mechanisms?

• Selective pressures in the environment.

• Recombination that occurs during meiosis.

• Introduction of genes from a nearby population

• Random occurances in a small population.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following phenomena usually only has an effect on very small populations?

• Gene flow

• Genetic drift

• Recombination

• Mutations

Multiple Choice

The concept of gene flow is demonstrated when a cow is driven off from a turd, joins another herd, and reproduces. When the cow contributes to the gene pool of the new herd, which of these most likely increases?

• Natural selection

• genetic variation

• environmental fitness

• reproductive mutations

Multiple Choice

Two populations of mice living in the same forest are separated by a large water-filled ditch. After a rainstorm, flooding brings several Mice from one population to the other population. When the mice from the first population reproduce with members of the second population, which of the following will likely occur?

• All The Offspring will die as a result of reproductive mutations.

• The Offspring will be forced to leave the second population.

• The Offspring will be genetically identical to their parent from the first population.

• The Offspring in the second population will have a greater genetic variety.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements regarding mutations is true? Mutations-

• occur randomly and increase genetic variability.

• are usually harmful and cause the organisms to die.

• are caused by changes in an organism’s environment.

• occur at the consistent rate in nearly every population.

Multiple Choice

In what ways do mutations play a part in the processes involved in the evolution of species?

• Some mutations are contagious and lethal, which can lead to the extinction of a population.

• If the mutation is beneficial, it will increase in the population’s genes over time.

• Any mutation that occurs may affect the population’s gene pool that is already established.

• Most mutations that occur will spread quickly throughout a population, creating new species.