Organisms, Populations and Ecosystems EOC Review Part 2

Organisms, Populations and Ecosystems EOC Review Part 2

Multiple Choice

Insulin is a natural human product that is deficient in people with diabetes. The human gene for insulin has been inserted into E. coli DNA to produce synthetic insulin for diabetes treatment. Why can the E. coli bacteria accept a human gene and then produce a

human protein?

• Bacteria cells are identical in structure to human cells.

• The basic components of DNA are the same in bacteria and

  humans.

• DNA replication occurs in the exact same way in both bacteria

  cells and human cells.

• Chromosomes are identical in bacteria cells and human cells.

Multiple Choice

Genetic engineering has both positive and negative outcomes. One of the most common areas where genetic engineering is used is in agriculture. If farmers plant more genetically modified crops (GMOs), which of the following negative outcomes could occur?

• An increase in the use of pesticides

• An increase in the contamination of the water supply

• A decrease in genetic diversity of the crops

• A decrease in crop productivity

Multiple Choice

Some estimates show that the world will have to increase global agricultural production by sixty percent in order to meet rising food demand by 2050. What scientific solution would help with world food shortages?

• genetic engineering of crops

• having governments provide free food for all

• decrease point-source pollution from city factories

• development of a task force to force people to eat less so there would be more for others

Multiple Choice

The human immune system can produce a specific response or a nonspecific response to infection. Which of the following is a specific immune response of the human immune system?

• antibodies

• phagocytes

• inflammation

• fever

Multiple Choice

Which of these is the human body's first line of defense against invading pathogens such as bacteria and viruses?

• body temperature

• macrophages

• vitamins

• skin cells

Multiple Choice

How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics?

• Neither responds to antibiotics.

• Both respond to antibiotics.

• Viral diseases respond to antibiotics; bacterial diseases do not.

• Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not.

Multiple Choice

The illustration on the right shows the major parts of the human brain. What part of the brain is designated by number 6?

• frontal lobe

• temporal lobe

• parietal lobe

• occipital lobe

Multiple Choice

The illustration above shows the major parts of the human brain. What part of the brain is designated by number 3?

• Frontal lobe

• Parietal lobe

• Brain stem

• Cerebellum

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the connection between cardiovascular disease and age?

• As people age, blood pressure decreases leading to more cardiovascular disease.

• As people age, the heart becomes more efficient with each pump, increasing cardiac output.

• As people age, their blood vessels become more elastic leading to less cardiovascular disease.

• As people age, plaque builds up in the arteries increasing vessel resistance, which leads to disease.

Multiple Choice

A normal human gestational period lasts forty weeks. Which of the following explains why the eighth week of gestation is notable?

• The embryo is approximately the size of a lime.

• The gender of the fetus can be determined.

• Most organ systems are developed and functional.

• The embryo stage ends and the fetal stage begins.

Multiple Choice

A fertilized egg undergoes several stages before it is successfully implanted. The diagram above shows these stages as the fertilized egg travels through the female reproductive system.

In which of the following structures of the female human reproductive system is the blastocyst implanted during normal human development?

• vagina

• uterus

• fallopian tubes

• ovary

Multiple Choice

Angiosperm and gymnosperm plants use different structures for reproduction. Angiosperm plants use flowers for sexual reproduction to produce seeds enclosed in fruits. Gymnosperm plants use cones to reproduce. The female cone scales each carry two ovules that usually develop into

• seeds

• flowers

• fruits

• sperm

Multiple Choice

The diagram above represents a flower, the reproductive structure of some plants. Most flowers have both male and female structures for fertilization and reproduction. Which structure is represented by the letter A in the diagram on the left?

• the petals, decorative structures which attract pollinators

• the sepal, a modified leaf used for protection of the flower

• the stamen, a male structure which produces pollen

• the pistil, a female structure which collects pollen and passes it to the ovary

Multiple Choice

The multicellular plants above, all have something in common, other than being autotrophic. Unlike moss and liverworts, they can grow to great heights and survive in diverse environments.

This is because of the vascular system/bundle that moves substances throughout the plant; water and nutrients up from the ground and glucose from photosynthetic tissue to all parts of the plant. What is responsible for this intercellular interaction in higher plants?

• Hormones

• Plasmodesmata

• xylem and phloem

• meristematic cells

Multiple Choice

During photosynthesis plants change carbon dioxide and water into glucose and give off oxygen. What is the name of the small openings (labeled "X") on the underside of plant leaves that is responsible for gas exchange by bringing in carbon dioxide and removing oxygen during this physiological process?

• xylem

• phloem

• stomata

• cuticle

Multiple Choice

The diagram above represents changes in the sizes of the openings/stomata present in leaves because of the physiological process in plants called transpiration.

The actions of cell X and Y help plants to

• Maintain homeostasis by controlling water loss

• Detect changes in the biotic factors present in the environment

• Absorb light energy for cellular respiration

• Store excess heat in the day and remove it at night