Cardiology Review

Cardiology Review

Multiple Choice

The most commonly used site for measuring the heart rate is at the ________ pulse in the wrist.

• A) axillary

• B) brachial

• C) radial

• D) ulnar

Multiple Choice

The mitral valve is located between the ________.

• A) left atrium and the left ventricle

• B) left ventricle and the aorta

• C) right atrium and the right ventricle

• D) right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Multiple Choice

The valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle is the ________.

• A) tricuspid valve

• B) pulmonary valve

• C) mitral valve

• D) bicuspid valve

Multiple Choice

Which chamber of the heart empties into the aorta?

• A) Right atrium

• B) Right ventricle

• C) Left atrium

• D) Left ventricle

Multiple Choice

In the pathway of blood flow, oxygenated blood in the pulmonary artery returns to the heart and enters the heart at the ________.

• A) right atrium

• B) right ventricle

• C) left atrium

• D) left ventricle

Multiple Choice

Which section of the electrical conduction system of the heart is located just after the AV node?

• A) Purkinje fibers

• B) Sinoatrial node

• C) Bundle of His

• D) Diastole

Multiple Choice

What structure divides the heart into right and left sides?

• A) Mitral valve

• B) Chordae tendineae

• C) Septum

• D) Mediastinum

Multiple Choice

What are the normal, rope-like connective tissues attached to valve leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves?

• A) Vegetations

• B) Chordae tendineae

• C) Ventricles

• D) Purkinje fibers

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the area of specialized nervous tissue in the heart that is known as the "pacemaker "?

• A) Purkinje fibers

• B) Sinoatrial node

• C) Atrioventricular node

• D) Bundle of His

Multiple Choice

The short period of time when the myocardium is unresponsive to electrical impulses is the ________.

• A) refractory period

• B) repolarization

• C) asystole

• D) heart block

Multiple Choice

The femoral artery brings oxygenated blood to the ________.

• A) lower arm

• B) head and neck

• C) trunk of the body

• D) upper leg

Multiple Choice

The abbreviation SA node stands for ________.

• A) systolic node

• B) sinoatrial node

• C) sinus arterial node

• D) systemic node

Diseases of the Heart

• Acute Coronary Syndrome- decreased flow of oxygenated blood through a coronary artery to the myocardium due to blockage

• Angina pectoris- chest pain- warning that myocardium is not getting enough oxygenated blood

• Cardiomegaly- enlargement of the heart

• Cardiomyopathy- disease of the heart muscle- includes cardiomegaly and heart failure

• Endocarditis- bacterial infection of the endocardial lining of a heart valve

Heart Diseases

• Congestive Heart Failure- inability of the heart to pump blood sufficiently. Enlargement of the myocardium (hypertrophy). Right side- jugular vein distention, peripheral edema. Left side- shortness of breath, cough, orthopnea.

• Mitral Valve Prolapse- leaflets of valve don't close tightly causing regurgitation

• pericarditis- infection/ inflammation of pericardial sac with buildup of fluid (can cause cardiac tamponade)

• Rheumatic heart disease- autoimmune after a strep infection- causes mitral and aortic valve inflammation and damage

Blood Vessel Diseases

• aneurysm- dilation and weakness in the wall of an artery

• arteriosclerosis- hardening of the artery walls

• atherosclerosis- fat accumulates on the walls of the artery (plaque)

• bruit- abnormal rushing sound when there is artery narrowing

• Coronary Artery Disease- Atherosclerosis/Arteriosclerosis of the coronary artery

Diseases of the Conduction System

• arrhythmia- any irregular rate or heart rhythm

• bradycardia- slow heart beat. tachycardia- fast heart beat

• fibrillation- very fast, irregular quivering of the myocardium. flutter- regular rhythm but very fast

• palpitation- uncomfortable sensation in the chest during a Premature contraction described as a "thump"

• heart block- electrical impulses from the SA node do not travel normally to the Purkinje fibers

• premature contractions- one or more extra contractions between rest and contraction

• sick sinus syndrome- bradycardia alternates with tachycardia- needs a pacemaker inserted.

Multiple Choice

Acute coronary syndrome includes all of the following EXCEPT ________.

• A) unstable angina pectoris

• B) transposition of the great vessels

• C) acute myocardial ischemia

• D) blockage of the coronary artery

Multiple Choice

In which of the following conditions do no electrical impulses reach the ventricles?

• A) Murmur

• B) Sick sinus syndrome

• C) Hyperlipidemia

• D) Complete heart block

Multiple Choice

Which of the following involves an inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood?

• A) Arteriosclerotic heart disease

• B) Hyperlipidemia

• C) Aneurysm

• D) Congestive heart failure

Multiple Choice

Which arrhythmia requires the insertion of a permanent cardiac pacemaker?

• A) Murmur

• B) Atrial septal defect

• C) Sick sinus syndrome

• D) Aneurysm

Multiple Choice

Mrs. Jean Bentley came to the doctor with dilated jugular veins in the neck and edema of the legs and feet. Her diagnosis most likely is ________.

• A) hypotension

• B) arrhythmia

• C) myocardial infarction

• D) right-sided congestive heart failure

Multiple Choice

Which blood test does NOT help to make the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction?

• A) CK-MB

• B) LDH

• C) LDL

• D) troponin

Multiple Choice

Which surgical procedure is done to restore blood flow to the myocardium when an artery is occluded?

• A) Cardiopulmonary bypass

• B) Cardioversion

• C) Coronary artery bypass graft

• D) Electrocardiography

Multiple Choice

The medical procedure sclerotherapy is performed to treat ________.

• A) varicose veins

• B) coronary atherosclerosis

• C) peripheral artery disease

• D) thrombophlebitis

Multiple Choice

A patient with congestive heart failure could be treated with two types of drugs: a diuretic drug to remove edema from the tissues and a/an ________ drug to strengthen the heart's contractions.

• A) antibiotic

• B) aspirin

• C) digitalis

• D) thrombolytic

Multiple Choice

The abbreviation CRP stands for ________.

• A) circulation regional pressure

• B) C-reactive protein

• C) cardiopulmonary resuscitation

• D) chronic rheumatic process