TCI 11.2 Washington as President

TCI 11.2 Washington as President

Let's see what you remember from the last lesson...

Multiple Choice

Under Washington, Alexander Hamilton was the Secretary of?

• State

• War

• Treasury

• Education

Multiple Choice

Under Washington, Thomas Jefferson was the Secretary of?

• State

• War

• Treasury

• Education

Multiple Choice

Under Washington, Henry Knox was the Secretary of?

• State

• War

• Treasury

• Education

Multiple Choice

-Henry Knox

-Alexander Hamilton

-Thomas Jefferson

-Edmund Randolph

• George Washington's 1st Cabinet

• Leaders of the Whiskey Rebellion

Multiple Choice

Which two members of Washington's cabinet were considered political rivals?

• Alexander Hamilton & Thomas Jefferson
• Edmund Randolph & Henry Knox
• Thomas Jefferson & Edmund Randolph
• John Adams & Alexander Hamilton

Multiple Choice

Who was George Washington's vice president?

• Edmund Randolph

• Thomas Jefferson

• Henry Knox

• John Adams

Multiple Choice

What did they decide to call the newly elected first President?

• Your Highness

• Mr. President

• His Excellency

• Supreme Leader

The most critical problem facing the new government was that the national treasury was empty and the nation had no money. Congress had the power to raise funds through taxes, but its members argued endlessly about what to tax and by how much. 

In 1791, Congress finally agreed to place an excise tax, or a tax on the production or sale of a product, on whiskey and other luxury goods, such as carriages.

Multiple Choice

The largest problem facing Washington when he became president was - 

• lack of military experience
• where to put the national capital
• national debt
• Native Americans

The Whiskey Rebellion

 Settlers living west of the Appalachian Mountains reacted angrily to the tax. Because western farmers found it too costly to transport their grain across the mountains to sell in eastern cities, they distilled their bulky wheat into whiskey, which could be shipped more cheaply. Many farmers complained that the tax made their whiskey too expensive, so they refused to pay it.

Multiple Choice

Who was most affected and upset with this tax?

• The workers at McDonalds

• Football players

• Farmers

• Policemen

To end these protests, Congress lowered the excise tax in 1793.  Most farmers began to pay up, but not the tax rebels of western Pennsylvania.  In 1794, these “Whiskey Boys” tarred and feathered tax collectors who tried to enforce the law.

Multiple Choice

Where did the Whiskey Rebellion take place?

• Massachusetts

• Georgia

• New York

• Pennsylvania

Alexander Hamilton and George Washington saw the Whiskey Rebellion as a threat to the authority of the national government. At Hamilton's urging, Washington led 13,000 state militia troops across the mountains to crush the rebels. Faced with overwhelming force, the rebellion ended.

Thomas Jefferson thought that the idea of sending an army to catch a few tax rebels was foolish. Even worse, he believed, was that Hamilton was prepared to violate people's liberties by using armed force to put down opposition to government policies.

Multiple Choice

How many men did Washington round up to put down the rebellion?

• 500-600

• 7000

• 13000

• none, he surrendered

Multiple Choice

Who started the Whiskey Rebellion

• Western farmers

• Northern farmers

• Southern farmers

• Eastern farmers

Multiple Choice

What was taxed that caused farmers in Western Pennsylvania to rebel and refuse to pay the tax?

• Tea

• Whiskey

• Corn

The French Revolution

In 1789, the French people rebelled against their king, and Americans became caught up in a debate over the events in France. The leaders of the French Revolution dreamed of building a nation based on “liberty, equality, and fraternity [brotherhood].” Three years later, France became a republic and declared “a war of all peoples against all kings.”

Many Americans were thrilled by the French Revolution. This was especially true of Jefferson and his followers, who began calling themselves Democratic-Republicans, or simply Republicans. The Republicans saw the French Revolution as part of a great crusade for democracy.

In time, news from France caused supporters of the revolution to change their opinion. Cheered on by angry mobs, France's revolutionary government began beheading wealthy nobles, resulting in some 20,000 men, women, and children being killed.

Hamilton and his followers, who called themselves Federalists, were appalled by the bloodshed, because many of them were wealthy. After hearing about the fate of wealthy families in France, they began to fear for their own safety, wondering whether such terrors could happen in the United States. “Behold France,” warned one Federalist, “an open hell . . . in which we see . . . perhaps our own future.”

Multiple Choice

What were the first two political parties?

• Democrats and Republicans

• Right and Left

• Democratic Republicans and Federalists

• Warhawks and Republicans

Multiple Choice

Who was the leader of the Federalist party who supported manufacturing?

• Alexander Hamilton

• Thomas Jefferson

• George Washington

• John Adams

Multiple Choice

Who was the leader of the Democratic-Republicans?

• George Washington

• Thomas Jefferson

• Alexander Hamilton

• John Jay

Washington's Farewell Address

The growing division between Republicans and Federalists so disturbed Washington that he agreed to run for a second term as president in 1792. He was the only person, Hamilton and Jefferson told him, who could keep the nation together.

Near the end of his second term, Washington announced that he would not run again. Before leaving office, the president prepared a message that became known as Washington's Farewell Address, in which he reminded Americans of all that bound them together as a people. “With slight shades of difference,” he said, “you have the same religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You have in a common cause fought and triumphed together. ”

Multiple Choice

How many terms did Washington serve as president?

• 2

• 1

• 3

• 4

Next, Washington warned of two threats to the nation's future. One of those threats was problems the nation was having with other countries. He believed that the United States should remain neutral (not take sides) and avoid permanent alliances with other countries.

The other threat was the “spirit of party.” Washington said that it was natural for people to hold different opinions, but he warned against the dangers of passionate loyalty to parties. If fighting between parties was not controlled, it could tear the young nation apart

Multiple Choice

What was George Washington's Advice on Political Parties?

• Political Parties are necessary to run a government

• Political Parties could divide and weaken the Nation

• Political Parties should create jobs and businesses

• Political Parties should only exist in State Governments

Multiple Choice

In Washington's Farewell address, what does he say about foreign affairs?

• The US should make more alliances
• The US should stay neutral
• He did not say anything

Despite his worries for the future, Washington had much to be proud of as he left office. The new government was up and running, and the nation was growing so fast that it had added three new states: Kentucky, Tennessee, and Vermont. Most of all, Washington had steered his government safely through quarrelsome times, leaving the nation united and at peace.

Multiple Select

Which 3 states were created while Washington was president?

• Kentucky

• Michigan

• Ohio

• Vermont

• Tennessee

Multiple Choice

The Purpose of the Farewell Address was to....

• leave advice for the country and next president

• help Congress create a new constitution

• decide how representation would be decided

• decide how many votes each state would get