Chapter 12 Review

Chapter 12 Review

LO: To review key concepts for chapter 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

Open Ended

What is meant by a "balanced diet"? Why is it important?

Multiple Choice

Which is the main source of energy for your body?

• carbohydrates

• minerals

• proteins

• water

Multiple Choice

Which factor does NOT influence how much energy a person needs?

• age

• gender

• height

• weight

Multiple Choice

Which could be considered a grain?

• black beans

• brown rice

• canola oil

• lean chicken

The 5 food groups

• Carbohydrates are the main source of energy e.g. grains such as rice

• fruit and vegetables give the body vitamins and minerals

• dairy contains calcium for bones

• protein helps muscles to grow and repair

• fat helps insulate the body and protect organs

Multiple Choice

What are proteins made of?

• amino acids

• minerals

• sugars

• vitamins

Macromolecule digestion

• There are 4 types of macromolecule: carbohydrate, protein, lipid and nucleic acids

• They are broken down into smaller units by special proteins called enzymes

• Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose by amylase

• Proteins are broken down into amino acids by pepsin

• Lipids are broken down into fatty acids by lipase

Multiple Choice

What fluid produced in the mouth contains digestive enzymes?

• bile

• blood

• chyme

• saliva

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order for how food is processed in the digestive system?

• absorption, digestion, ingestion, elimination

• elimination, ingestion, absorption, digestion

• ingestion, absorption, digestion, elimination

• ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

4 stages of digestion

• ingestion: eating or taking the food into the mouth

• digestion: breaking larger molecules down into smaller molecules

• absorption: the body taking in the nutrients from the food

• elimination: the body removing the left over waste products

Multiple Choice

Which process depends on enzymes?

• chemical digestion

• elimination

• mechanical digestion

• respiration

Multiple Choice

Where does most absorption of nutrients occur?

• A

• B

• C

• D

The digestive system

• A - the esophagus. A muscular tube connecting the mouth and stomach. It contracts to move the food through peristalsis.

• B - the stomach. A muscular sac filled with stomach acid and digestive enzymes, where the food is digested.

• C - the small intestine. Some chemical digestion, and most nutrient absorption happens here through the finger-like projections called villi.

• D - the large intestine. Water is absorbed into the body here. The solid that is left becomes waste called feces and is eliminated from the body.

Multiple Choice

In which part of the system does chemical digestion begin?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

from which organ are nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Multiple Choice

What organ produces a substance that neutralizes acid from the stomach?

• esophagus

• gallbladder

• liver

• pancreas

Liver, pancreas and gallbladder

• The liver produces bile, which helps with the digestion of lipids

• Bile is stored in the gallbladder until it is needed

• The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and substances that help neutralise stomach acid, to help with chemical digestion

Multiple Choice

What is a main function of the excretory system?

• fight diseases

• move limbs

• pump blood

• remove wastes

The excretory system

• The excretory system functions to remove wastes

• It includes 4 body systems, each removing different wastes

• The urinary system filters blood to remove waste as liquid urine

• The integumentary system removes waste and excess salt through sweating

• The digestive system removes solid waste from food

• The respiratory system removes carbon dioxide and water vapour through breathing

Multiple Choice

Carbon dioxide is eliminated by which body system?

• digestive system

• integumentary system

• respiratory system

• urinary system

Multiple Choice

What is produced by the urinary system?

• blood

• feces

• perspiration

• urine

Multiple Choice

What organ is shown?

• bladder

• hypothalamus

• kidney

• ureter

Multiple Choice

Where does the first filtration process occur in the nephron shown above?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

In the diagram, where is urine produced?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

The bladder is most similar to which object?

• a balloon

• a tube

• a folded paper

• a rigid container

The urinary system

• The kidneys filter the blood, removing waste to produce urine

• The ureters carry urine to the bladder

• The bladder is a muscular sac that holds the urine

• Sphincter muscles allow us to control the bladder

• The urethra carries urine from the bladder, out of the body, when it is eliminated

Multiple Choice

Which part of the brain works with the urinary system to help maintain homeostasis?

• cerebellum

• cerebrum

• hypothalamus

• medulla

Homeostasis

• Homeostasis is maintaining a stable internal environment

• This means keeping everything in the body, at the level it needs to be

• The nervous system and urinary system work together to do this

• The hypothalamus in the brain releases hormones (chemical messengers) into the blood

• The hormones tell the kidneys how much water to reabsorb into the blood, and how much to eliminate as urine

• This maintains the correct level of water in the body

Open Ended

When a person eats food, the food undergoes four processes in the digestive system. Briefly describe each of the digestive process:

ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination