Big Idea 5: Earth in Time & Space - Physics in Our Solar Sys

Big Idea 5: Earth in Time & Space

Physics in Our Solar System (CS1)

Big Idea 5: Earth in Time & Space

• The origin and eventual fate of the Universe still remains one of the greatest questions in science. Gravity and energy influence the formation of galaxies, including our own Milky Way Galaxy, stars, the planetary systems, and Earth. Humankind’s need to explore continues to lead to the development of knowledge and understanding of the nature of the Universe.

Explore the Law of Universal Gravitation by explaining the role that gravity plays in the formation of planets, stars, and solar systems and in determining their motions. (SC.8.E.5.4 - 3)

• All objects in the universe have gravity.

• The Law of Universal Gravitation states that the force of attraction between two masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. This means that the closer and more massive two objects are the stronger their gravitational attraction will be.

• Orbit is caused by a combination of inertia (speed) and the force of gravity. Inertia keeps the object movng (which is always will unless it experiences an unbalanced force) and gravity holds the object at a relatively constant distance from the object it is orbiting.

Explain the impact of objects in space on each other including the Sun on the Earth (including seasons and gravitational attraction) the Moon on the Earth (including phases, tides, and eclipses) and the relative position of each body. (SC.8.E.5.9 - 3)

• The positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun cause several effects we experience.

• Tides are caused by the Sun and Moon's gravitational forces interacting with the water on Earth.

• The Moon's phases are cause by the position of the Earth and Moon. The amount of the moon that is lit up never changes. What changes is how much of the lit up side of the Moon we can see from Earth.

• Seasons are caused by the revolution of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth, which affects how much direct sunlight different areas of Earth receive.

• Eclipses are caused by the alignment of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. Lunar eclipses occur when the Earth blocks sunlight from the Moon. Solar eclipses occur when the Moon blocks sunlight from the Earth.

Multiple Choice

A planet moves fastest during its orbit around the Sun at the when

• it is closest to the sun and gravity has a stronger pull

• it is farthest from the sun and gravity has a stronger pull

• it is closest to the sun and gravity has a weak pull

• it is farthest from the sun and gravity has a weak pull

Multiple Choice

How are mass and weight different?

• Mass is the amount of matter in an object;Weight is the amount of gravitational force acting on the object

• Mass is the amount of gravitational force acting on an object;Weight is the amount of matter in an object

• Mass is a thing;Weight is a place

• Mass is an animal;weight is a human

Multiple Choice

Ocean tides occur mainly because

• water normally runs to the side of Earth away from the sun

• of the gravitational pull of the sun on Earth

• of different gravitational pulls of the moon on opposite sides of Earth

• as Earth rotates it leaves the ocean water somewhat behind it

Multiple Choice

Force of gravity is inversely proportional to

• Mass

• Weight

• Distance

• Time

Multiple Choice

Which configuration will result in the greatest gravitational force?

• small masses far apart

• large masses far apart

• small masses close together

• large masses close together

Multiple Choice

Gravity is the force objects put on each other because of their ______.

• Mass

• Friendliness

• Acceleration

• Speed

Multiple Choice

Complete the following statement: The farther away two planets are the _______ the gravitational force between them.

• more

• same

• dosen't matter

• less

Multiple Choice

Two factors effecting the magnitude of the force of gravity between 2 objects are...

• mass and distance

• mass and matter

• distance and weight

• weight and mass

Multiple Choice

Force of gravity is inversely proportional to

• Mass

• Weight

• Distance

• Time

Multiple Choice

What states that "every object in the universe attracts every other object"?

• Law of Universal Gravitation

• Newton's First Law of Motion

• My mother

• Inertia & gravity

Multiple Choice

The water level at the beach changes during the day. What causes the different water levels?

• Earth’s revolution

• the Moon’s rotation

• Earth’s magnetic field

• the Moon’s gravitational pull

Multiple Choice

Saturn and Jupiter are two objects in our solar system. Winch of the following two factors keep these objects in their orbits?

• inertia and speed

• mass and distance

• gravity and inertia

• gravity and friction

Multiple Choice

As the moon moves in its orbit and Earth spins on its axis, the pull of gravity between the moon and different parts of Earth changes. Which of the following events do Florida residents observe as a result of this changing pull of gravity?

• Temperatures in Tampa are hotter in August than in February.

• Ocean water levels at Miami Beach rise and fall twice each day.

• The moon appears to rise in the east and set in the west each day.

• The phases of the moon appear to change from one day to the next.

Multiple Choice

Earth rotates on an axis that is tilted at an angle of 23.5°. Which of the following would NOT occur if Earth's axis were not tilted?

• day and night

• moon phases

• seasons

• tides

Multiple Choice

The changing positions of the moon and Earth relative to the sun can cause an eclipse. Which of the following diagrams shows the positions of the sun, moon, and Earth during a solar eclipse?

Multiple Choice

Temperatures in Florida tend to be cooler in January than in July. Which of the following explains this difference in temperatures during different times of the year?

• How fast Earth spins on its axis changes during the year.

• The tilt of Earth's axis changes during the year.

• Earth's distance from the sun changes during the year.

• How much direct sunlight Florida receives changes during the year.

Multiple Choice

Scientific ideas about the solar system have changed over time. Which of the following statements best compares older models of the solar system with the currently accepted model?

• In older models, Earth's distance from the sun changed, while in the current model, Earth's distance from the sun is constant.

• Older models showed planets moving in circular orbits, while in the current model, planets move in elliptical orbits.

• In older models, Venus was closest to the sun, while in the current model, Mercury is closest to the sun.

• Older models included ten planets, while the current model includes

  eight planets.

Multiple Choice

A neap tide is a tide with the greatest difference between low and high tides

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Tides are the cycle of rising and falling ocean water that repeats automatically every

• 24 hours

• 12.5 hours

• 25 hours

• 6.25 hours

Multiple Choice

Water flows toward the high tides, halfway between them causing ____________.

• neap tide

• high tide

• spring tide

• low tides

Multiple Choice

A[n] ___________ tide occurs when the sun, Earth, and the moon are nearly in a line.

• spring

• high

• low

• neap

Multiple Choice

The bulge of water on the side of the Earth closest to the moon produces ___________.

• high tide

• low tide

• neap tide

• spring tide

Multiple Choice

Differences in the moon's and sun's pull on different sides of the Earth cause _________.

• gravity

• lunar phases

• tides

• dabbing

Multiple Choice

A[n] ______________ tide occurs when the sun is at right angles to the line between Earth and the moon.

• high

• neap

• low

• spring

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the tilt of the earth during the spring and fall equinoxes?

• The earth is tilted away from the sun (Northern hemisphere)

• The earth is tilted neither toward or away from the sun (tilt is side to side)

• The earth is tilted toward the sun (Northern hemisphere)

• The earth is not tilted during spring and fall

Multiple Choice

What happens when the area in which you live tilts away from the sun?

• It is winter

• It is summer

• It is spring

• It is fall

Multiple Choice

What effect does the tilt of the earth have?

• It causes the earth to be farther away from the sun at different times of the year

• It changes the angle that the sun strikes the earth in different land areas

• When the earth is tilted away from the sun we have day

• When the earth is tilted away from the sun we have night

Multiple Choice

What is the term used to describe the motion of the Earth around the Sun?

• Resolution

• Rotation

• Revolution

• Round

Multiple Choice

What does the rotation of the earth cause us to experience?

• Seasons

• Day and night

• Year

• Summer

Multiple Choice

Which percentage accurately describes the amount of illumination for this moon phase?

• 0%

• 39%

• 50%

• 73%

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• waning crescent

• waxing crescent

• waning gibbous

• waxing gibbous

Multiple Choice

How many days does it take for the moon to complete a full lunar cycle?

• 27

• 29.5

• 28

• 20

Multiple Choice

Does this picture represent a waxing or waning moon?

• waxing, because the light is increasing
• waning, because the light is decreasing
• waxing, because the light is decreasing
• waning, because the light is increasing

Multiple Choice

Why does the moon appear to change shape?

• The Moon changes its actual shape throughout the course of the month.

• As the Moon changes position, different amount of the dayside are visible from Earth.

• The season of the year determines the phase of the Moon.

• The closer the Moon is to Earth, the more light the Moon reflects.

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase in the picture.

• First Quarter

• Last Quarter

• New Moon

• Full Moon

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase in the picture.

• First Quarter

• Last Quarter

• New Moon

• Full Moon