IB Metabolism and Cell Energy Review

IB Metabolism and Cell Energy Review

Covers IB Bio 2.8, 2.9, and AHL 8

Multiple Choice

A metabolic pathway consists of ...

• a series of reactions

• a series of enzymes

• a series of chemical reactions

• a series of biological reactions

Multiple Choice

Which type of reaction increases entropy?

• Endergonic
• Nonspontaneous
• Synthesis
• Exergonic

Multiple Choice

Endergonic reactions require:

• an input of energy
• a release of energy
• do not change energy

Multiple Choice

An inhibitor is a molecule that binds to the enzyme

• and speeds up the enzymes function

• is always reversible

• slows down or stops the enzymes function

• is always irreversible

Multiple Choice

A competitive inhibitor

• binds to the allosteric site, blocking the substrate

• binds to the active site, blocking the substrate

• has a different shape than the enzyme

• lowers the activation energy of a reaction

Multiple Select

which of the following describes end product inhibition?

• Type of Non competitive inhibition

• Type of Competitive inhibition

• The end product binds to the allosteric site.

• The end product binds to the active site.

Multiple Choice

Key metabolic enzymes are often inhibited by the end product of the pathway they control.

• Competitive inhibition

• Non-competitive inhibition

• Feedback inhibition

• Cofactors

Multiple Choice

Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following?

• denaturation of the enzyme

• allosteric inhibition

• competitive inhibition

• saturation of the enzyme activity

Multiple Choice

Which colour line represents competitive inhibition?

• Green line

• Orange line

• Blue line

Multiple Choice

What colour line represents non-competitive inhibition?

• Green

• Orange

• Blue

Multiple Choice

The purpose of cell respiration is

• to ensure that passive diffusion can occur across a cell membrane.

• to produce ATP.

• to breathe underwater.

Multiple Choice

Aerobic respiration takes place in

• the cytoplasm.

• the mitochodria.

• both the cytoplasm and mitochondria.

Multiple Choice

The main purpose of anaerobic respiration is to

• produce oxygen
• replenish NAD+ for glycolysis
• replenish oxaloacetic acid for the Krebs cycle
• produce ATP

Multiple Choice

Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?

• Only species Y is aerobic.
• Only species Y is anaerobic
• Both species X and Y are aerobic.
• Both species X and Y are anaerobic.

Multiple Choice

Aerobic respiration _______ oxygen, while anaerobic respiration _______ oxygen.

• requires; does not require

• does not require; requires

Multiple Choice

The product of anaerobic respiration in animals is

• 2 ATP and lactic acid.

• 36 ATP and lactic acid.

• 2 ATP and ethanol.

• 36 ATP and ethanol.

Multiple Choice

Bread dough rises due to anaerobic respiration in yeast. Once the oxygen is used up, yeast are forced to respire anaerobically and produce this gas which forms bubbles in the dough.

• CO₂

• O₂

• CO

• CH₄

Multiple Choice

After strenuous exercise, a muscle cell would contain decreased amounts of ______ and increased amounts of ______ ____

• glucose ATP

• ATP glucose

• oxygen lactic acid

• lactic acid ATP

Multiple Choice

Reduction is the ___________ of electrons.

• loss

• gain

• sharing

• transfer

Multiple Choice

NADH + H+ -> NAD+ is

• Oxidation
• Reduction

Multiple Choice

the loss of hydrogen or electrons is known as 

• dehydration
• hydrogenation
• reduction
• oxidation

Multiple Choice

NADH is a ______ form of NAD+.

• Reduced
• Oxidized
• Catabolized
• Hydrolized

Multiple Choice

What are the stages of cellular respiration in order?
"citric acid cycle" = Krebs Cycle

• glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the citric acid cycle
• oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle
• glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
• the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis

Multiple Choice

The first step of aerobic respiration breaks down glucose into

• mRNA strands

• oxygen and water

• 2 pyruvates

• carbon dioxide and sugar

Multiple Choice

Where does glycolysis occur?

• Inner mitochondrial membrane
• Mitochondrial Matrix
• Cytosol
• At a ribosome

Multiple Choice

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and produces all of the following EXCEPT

• ATP

• Carbon Dioxide

• 3 carbon chain (pyruvate)

• NADH (electron carrier)

Multiple Choice

Prior to entering the Krebs Cycle, each pyruvate molecule loses electrons, hydrogen ions, and a carbon, forming an energy-rich molecule of

• Acetyl-CoA
• Citrate
• Oxaloacetate
• Malate

Multiple Select

The removal of carbon from a molecule in the form of carbon dioxide is known as

• decarboxylation

• dehydrogenation

• phosphorylation

• oxidation

Multiple Select

The products of the link reaction are

• pyruvate and carbon dioxide

• carbon dioxide and co-enzyme A

• carbon dioxide, acetyl coA and NADH

• NADH and carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

For every molecule of glucose, how many molecules of FADH₂ are produced by the Krebs Cycle?

• 1
• 2
• 4
• 6

Multiple Choice

At what point in cellular respiration is the majority of the NADH produced?

• Glycolysis
• Pyruvate Oxidation
• Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle
• Electron Transport Chain

Multiple Choice

Site of the krebs cycle

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

Which molecule enters Kreb's Cycle?

• Pyruvate
• Glucose
• Acetyl CoA
• reducing powers

Multiple Choice

Which molecules are made during the Krebs Cycle to power the electron transport chain?

• ATP and CO₂
• ATP and NADH
• NADH and FADH₂
• ADP, NAD⁺ and FAD⁺

Multiple Choice

What is the main purpose of the Krebs cycle?

• to produce ATP
• to produce electron donators
• to produce water
• to produce carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

What is this process showing?

• substrate level phosphorylation

• chemiosmosis

• Krebs cycle

• glycolysis

Multiple Choice

ATP synthase directly uses _____________ to spin in order to connect phosphate onto ADP

• diffusion from a proton gradient

• diffusion from an electron gradient

• active transport of a proton gradient

• active transport of an electron gradient

Multiple Choice

Oxidative phosphorylation uses _______________ to make ATP

• electrons energy from glucose

• electron energy from oxygen gas

• electron energy from water

Multiple Choice

Chemiosmosis is the use of energy to _______________________

• set up a hydrogen ion gradient

• to produce water

• oxidize glucose

• remove electrons from the ETC using oxygen gas

Multiple Choice

Where does ETC occur?

• Mitochondrial matrix
• Outer mitochondrial membrane
• Inner mitochondrial membrane
• Cytosol

Multiple Choice

What enzyme in the ETC is responsible for generating the ATP molecules?

• ATPase
• ATP synthase
• Hexokinase
• none of the above

Multiple Choice

The final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is

• oxygen
• water
• carbon dioxide
• NAD+

Multiple Choice

Which produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose?

• Glycolysis
• Lactic acid fermentation
• Aerobic respiration
• Anaerobic respiration

Multiple Choice

Location of ATP synthase

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

The reactants of photosynthesis are...

• sugar and water.

• sugar and oxygen.

• carbon dioxide and water.

• carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Multiple Choice

If an aquatic plant is placed into a test tube with water near a light source, what will it produce?

• Glucose and Oxygen
• Carbon dioxide and ATP
• Water and Oxygen
• Glucose and ATP

Multiple Choice

At approximately which wavelength does chlorophyll a absorb most light?

• 660 nm
• 640 nm
• 455 nm
• 425 nm

Multiple Choice

This is called...

• an absorption spectrum
• an action spectrum
• a photosynthesis spectrum
• a photolysis spectrum

Multiple Choice

Which of the pigments in found in chlorophyll is most efficient at lower wavelengths?

• Chlorophyll A
• Chlorophyll B
• Carotenoids
• All three are equally efficient

Multiple Choice

Plants with the largest amount of which pigment will be best suited for growing conditions where light has a green hue.

• Chlorophyll a
• Chlorophyll b
• Carotenoids
• A combination of all 3

Multiple Choice

Most plants appear green because chlorophyll.....

• absorbs green light.
• absorbs violet light.
• does not absorb green light.
• does not absorb violet light.

Multiple Choice

Which lettered graph represents the effect of carbon dioxide gas on photosynthetic rate?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

How does temperature affects photosynthesis rate?

• As temperature increases, photosynthesis rate also increases.
• As temperature decreases, photosynthesis rate also decreases.
• Plants cannot photosynthesis if the temperature is too cold or too hot. 
• All of the statements are true.

Multiple Select

What factor(s) affect the rate of photosynthesis? Select all that apply

• Temperature

• Light

• CO2 Concentration

• O2 Concentration

Multiple Select

Which of the following happens in the light reaction?

• Water is split into hydrogen and oxygen.

• Organic molecules are formed.

• ATP is generated.

• NADPH is oxidized.

Multiple Choice

The major products of the light-dependent reactions are

• ATP and NADPH
• NADPH and water
• carbon dioxide and water
• ATP and sugars

Multiple Choice

Where do the light-dependent reactions occur? 

• thylakoid membrane
• stroma
• mesophyll
• mitochondria

Multiple Choice

It is the process where light splits water into hydrogen and oxygen.

• Carbon fixation

• Reduction

• Photolysis

• Hydrolysis

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of splitting water in PS2 of the light dependent reaction?

• Provides e- for PS2 and H+ for the thylakoid space
• To produce Oxygen for animals
• There is no purpose

Multiple Choice

cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids

• photosystem
• electron transport chain
• ATP synthase 
• Calvin cycle 

Multiple Choice

What supplies the electrons that are lost in PS I?

• the electrons from PS II
• water
• glucose
• oxygen

Multiple Choice

What does light do when it strikes the chlorophyll molecules of photosystems I and II?

• Light causes glucose to be synthesized directly inside the chlorophyll molecules of the photosystems.

• Light causes electrons to get excited (gain energy) and travel down the electron transport chain embedded in the thylakoid membrane.

• Light causes the conversion of water into carbon dioxide, oxygen, and electrons.

• Light directly causes carbon dioxide to attach to RuBP during the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle.

Multiple Choice

When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of.....

• reducing NADP+
• photolysis
• chemiosmosis
• electron transfer in the Calvin cycle

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are products of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are utilized in the light-independent reactions?

• O₂ and glucose

• H₂O and O₂

• electrons and H+

• ATP and NADPH

Multiple Choice

light independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar

• Calvin cycle
• photosystem
• electron transport chain
• ATP synthase

Multiple Choice

Where does the carbon come from that is used to form glucose?

• the soil
• CO₂ in the air
• other carbohydrates in the cell
• water

Multiple Choice

Which of the following molecules is not needed for the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis (Calvin Cycle)?

• CO₂
• ATP
• NADPH
• H₂O

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)?

• regenerate ATP for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis
• produce carbon dioxide for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis
• produce oxygen by oxidizing water
• produce simple sugars from carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

Where does the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) take place?

• stroma of the chloroplast
• thylakoid membrane
• outer membrane of the chloroplast
• interior of the thylakoid membrane

Multiple Choice

What is the function of NADPH and ATP in the Calvin cycle?

• They provide the energy required to build high-energy sugars
• They provide the energy to create needed oxygen
• They provide the energy required to release water
• They provide the energy required to expel CO2

Multiple Choice

The six carbon sugar initially made in the Calvin Cycle is unstable and breaks into two molecules of

• ATP

• G3P

• RuBP

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme joins CO2 and RuBP?

• NADP+ reductase
• rubisco
• ATP synthase

Multiple Choice

When carbon first enters the Calvin cycle, what molecule does it combine with? 

• PGA
• G3P
• RuBP
• ATP

Multiple Choice

How many G3P molecules make one molecule of glucose? 

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

How many sugar molecules are produced from every six molecules of carbon dioxide that enter the Calvin cycle?

• 1
• 3
• 6
• 12

Multiple Choice

After 12 G3P molecules are created, 10 are used to regenerate _________, while the other 2 are used to create __________.

• RuBP, C₆H₁₂O₆
• Glucose, CO₂
• ATP, Glucose
• Glucose, RUBP

Multiple Choice

• Stroma
• Thylakoid
• Skittle
• Grana

Multiple Choice

• Flapjack Stack
• Grana
• Thylakoid
• Stroma

Multiple Choice

• Grana
• Thylakoid
• Stroma
• Jelly Filling

Multiple Choice

Where the light-independent reactions take place.

• Grana
• Thylakoid
• Stroma
• Carotenoid

Multiple Choice

Where the light-dependent reactions take place

• Stroma
• Thylakoid
• Carotenoid
• Grana