PROTEIN SYNTHESIS REVIEW

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS REVIEW

biology period 5

ALL ABOUT DNA

• dna contains the code for making proteins

• It helps organisms to develop and reproduce

• found in the cell's nucleus

• all living things have dna

• it is double stranded/long

• it has four bases: guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine

• RULE: A=T, C=G

ALL ABOUT RNA

• there are three types of rna: messenger, ribosomal, and transfer rna

• single stranded/short

• there are four bases: guanine, cytosine, adenine, uracil

  
  

• RULE: A=U, C=G

• contains nucleotides just like DNA

TRANSCRIPTION

The DNA sequence of a gene is copied to make a RNA molecule. In transcription, the primary transcript carries the same code for for making protein but it is not identical to DNA. Instead, a similar base called Uracil is paired with adenine on the DNA strand.

TRANSLATION

The mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to a ribosome, as it goes down the mRNA one codon at a time it will make a chain of amino acids, and this ends once the ribosome reaches a stop codon and releases the protein. The sequence of mRNA is decoded to specify the amino acid sequence of a protein in translation.

What is the genetic code?

The instructions for making all the proteins in your body found on the DNA using A,T,C,G’s.

What is a codon?

A codon is a sequence of three bases that represent a single amino acid(the building blocks of proteins.)

How is the genetic code read and used to make a protein?

The genetic code is read three bases/letters at a time on the mRNA. Each codon represents a single amino acids carried by a specific tRNA.