GRAMMAR

GRAMMAR

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE, FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS, TEMPORALS

Read about the future perfect simple, the future perfect continuous & temporals.

We use the future perfect simple

• for something that will be finished by or before a specific time in the future

• to show the length of time that an action will have lasted for or at a point of time in the future

Examples:

• They will have opened the new conservation area by July.

• I will have been a manager at the recycling centre for two years next week.

We use the future perfect continuous to talk about something that will continue up to a specific time in the future.

• Carole will have been protesting outside the factory for two days on Sunday.

Temporals:

• When we use temporals such as when, before, after, until, once, by the time, etc to talk about the future, we use them with a present tense.

• We use a present perfect to emphasise that the first action will be finished before the other one starts.

Examples:

• After he buys/ has bought a new tree, he'll plant it in the garden.

• We can go to the zoo when you have eaten your breakfast.

• We'll start the meeting once everyone has arrived.

• Tom will look after the baby until Pam gets home.

PRACTICE 1

Complete the sentences. Choose either the future perfect simple or the future perfect continuous.

By the end of this century...

Multiple Choice

1. the planet __________ (become) more polluted.

• will have become

• will have been becoming

Multiple Choice

2. we __________ (cut down) trees in the rainforest for more than two centuries.

• will have cut down

• will have been cutting down

Multiple Choice

3. they __________ (probably not find) a solution to the problems created by climate changes.

• probably won't have found

• probably won't have been founding

Multiple Choice

4. scientists __________ (discover) more efficient alternative energy sources.

• will have discovered

• will have been discovering

Multiple Choice

5. experts __________ (invent) new ways to clean up oil spills.

• will have invented

• will have been inventing

Multiple Choice

6. they __________ (build) cities for many years.

• will have built

• will have been building

Multiple Choice

7. __________ (people/ realise) that they must find a way to feed the poor in Africa?

• will people have realised

• will people have been realising

Multiple Choice

8. conservationists __________ (discuss) how to help endangered species for a long time.

• will have discussed

• will have been discussing

PRACTICE 2

Choose the correct temporal and tense to complete each sentence.

Multiple Choice

1. We will leave __________ we __________ (put out) the camp fire.

• before/ put out

• as soon as/ have put out

• after/ will put out

Multiple Choice

2. __________ she __________ (read) my letter, she'll know that she has to do something in her garden.

• When/ will read

• Once/ reads

• Until/ has read

Multiple Choice

3. You can visit me ________ I ________ (get) home from the meeting.

• when/ get

• by the time/ will get

• until/ have got

Multiple Choice

4. We ________ (go) to the game reserve ________ it has stopped raining.

• have gone/ when

• go/ before

• will go/ after

Multiple Choice

5. I won't swim in the lake _________ they __________ (close) that factory!

• until/ close

• by the time/ have closed

• after/ will close

Multiple Choice

6. __________ I see an elephant, I __________ (take) its photograph.

• Before/ have taken

• After/ take

• The moment/ will take