INTERCHANGE II Part II

INTERCHANGE II Part II

TIME CONTRAST

SIMPLE PAST (EXPRESSIONS OF TIME)

Last year / month / week/ weekend/ hour/ minute…, ...ago= one year ago/ three days ago/ ten minutes ago…, yesterday, in the past year…

PRESENT (EXPRESSIONS OF TIME)

Today, nowadays, currently, now, right now, these days/months, and so on.

FUTURE (EXPRESSIONS OF TIME)

Tomorrow, next day/ week/ weekend/year/ month, in the future, soon, in few years...

Multiple Choice

Every day I ___.

• memorize new vocabulary

• am memorizing new vocabulary

• was memorizing new vocabulary

Multiple Choice

Right now it____.

• is snowing

• was snowing

• snows

Multiple Choice

Pretty soon the weather ______.

• will turn cold

• is going to turn cold

• will be turning cold

• All of them

Multiple Choice

He worked hard ____.

• yesterday

• by the time

• ago

First Conditional

It is a clause

CONNECTOR+S+V+C, S+V+C.

S+V+C+CONNECTOR+S+V+C.

1. If + simple present, subject + will/won’t+verb+c.

If you eat candy, you’ll gain weight.

This is the most typical structure used with possible future situations and consequences. 

Multiple Choice

If you ______ early, we _____ be late.

• come / won't

• came / will

• are coming / won't

First conditional

2. If + simple present, subject + may/might+verb+c.

If you eat candy, you might gain weight.

We can also use may and might as consequences, to show that the consequence is less likely. 

Multiple Choice

If I ___ enough time later tonight, I ___ my parents an email.

• have/send

• have/might send

• had/might sent

First conditional

3. will + be able to/will + have to

If you save some money, you’ll be able to travel.

(possibility) 

If you travel abroad, you’ll have to get a visa.

(necessity)

We cannot say "will can" or "will must". Instead, we say “will be able to” and “will have to.”

Multiple Choice

If I ___ to study in the USA, I ___ study English.

• want/won't have

• want/will be able to

• want/will have to

GERUNDS (ING) IN SHORT RESPONSES.

SUBJECT + VERB + VERB(ing) + COMPLEMENT.

I like working with people.

I like to work with people.

I enjoy working with people.

I want to work with people.

VERBS + VERB(ING)

Love / like / hate / enjoy /dislike/enjoy/don’t mind / can’t stand / Be + interested in / Be good at /Be bad at/Be+not good at.

Multiple Choice

I don't mind ________ in other country.

• work

• works

• worked

• working

Agree or disagree

1. So = to agree with an affirmative statement. 

Antonio: I need to find a job. (affirmative statement)

Briseida: So do I. (SO)

2. Neither = to agree with a negative statement. 

Anita: I don’t like working long hours. (negative statement)

Barabara: Neither do I. (NEITHER)

• With both “so” and “Neither”, we use the verb from the original statement. The subject (noun or pronoun) comes after the verb.

Multiple Choice

I am good at singing.

• Neither do I.

• So do I.

• So am I.

TOPIC REASON SUBJ.VERBCOM.CON.SUBJ.VERB.COM.

I COULD BE A GOOD DOCTOR BECAUSE I LOVE HELPING PEOPLE.

REASON TOPIC CON.SUBJ.VERBCOMP,SUBJ VERB COM.

BECAUSE I LOVE HELPING PEOPLE, I COULD BEA GOOD DOCTOR.

Multiple Choice

I made a good police officer ___

• because I like helping people.

• I like helping people.

• but I like helping people.

Active Voice vs Passive voice.

Active voice:

The Disney brothers founded the company in 1923.

Passive voice:

The company was founded by the Disney brothers in 1923.

When Past continuous + when + simple past.

We were playing at the park when they came home yesterday.

When+simple past, past continuous.

When they came home yesterday, we were playing at the park.

While  +past continuous, past simple.

While we were playing at the park, they came home yesterday.

simple past+while+past continuous

They came home yesterday while we were playing at the park.

Simple past vs past continuous

The past continuous is often used with the simple past. Both actions happened at the same time, but one action (the past continuous) started earlier and was in progress when the other action (the simple past) happened.

Multiple Choice

Marcos ___ his homework assignment ___ his uncle arrived from the airport.

• was doing / when

• was doing / while

• did / while

Multiple Choice

___ Adail was eating breakfast, he listened to a weird sound.

• when

• while

Present perfect continuous

1. The present perfect continuous is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues into the present:

I’ve been working two jobs for the last six months.

2. The present perfect continuous can also be used without a time expression to describe an activity that started in the past but is still in progress: 

I’ve been trying to become an actor.

I have been trying to become an actor.

Present perfect continuous

SUBJECT+HAVE+BEEN+VERB+ING+COMPLEMENT.

I’ve been working two jobs for the last six months.

Have you been saving money?

Participial adjectives

Present participles:

Verb +ing

Past participles:

Third column of the verbs.

Multiple Choice

The news surprised the man. It was ___ news.

• surprised

• surprise

• surprising

Multiple Choice

The class bores the students. It is a ___ class.

• bored

• boring

• bore

Relative clauses

Relative clauses. (WHO-WHICH-THAT)

WHO= PEOPLE

WHICH= ANIMALS AND OBJECTS

THAT= EVERYTHING

Adele is a singer and songwriter who performs the songs alone.

Adele is a singer and songwriter that performs the songs alone.

Adele is a singer and songwriter. Adele performs the songs alone.

Multiple Choice

Did I tell you about the car salesman ___ tried to sell me a defective truck?

• which

• who

• he

Multiple Choice

Where is the magazine ___ has the story about online theft?

• who

• which

• it

Modals and Adverbs

• When we are not sure about the meaning, we use modals of possibility (might, may, could) or adverbs (maybe, perhaps, possibly, probably). 

  When we are sure about the meaning, we use the modal must or the adverb definitely.

  Modals use the base form of the verb.

  Maybe and perhaps go at the beginning of the sentence. 

  Possibly, probably, and definitely go after the subject in a sentence

Multiple Choice

___ it means he wants to accept it.

• Maybe

• Probably

• Might

Prohibition: can’t, not be allowed to 

He can’t visit his friends. 

He is not allowed to visit his friends.

He isn’t allowed to go out. 

He can’t go out.

Permission: can, be allowed to

He’s allowed to write letters.

He can write letters.

He can exercise every day.

He is allowed to exercise everyday.

Obligation: have to, have got to

He has to wear a prison uniform.

He has got to wear a prison uniform.

You have to go downstairs in a fire emergency.

Multiple Choice

You’ve got to use the stairs in case of a fi re.

• Permission

• Obligation

• Prohibition

Second Conditional

If+Simple past, Subject+would / could / might+verb+Complement.

If I won the lottery, I would buy a new car.

If you found $40,000, I would return it. 

I would go to jail if I did not return the money.

Multiple Choice

If you ___ your favorite movie star on the stree, I would ask to take a photo with them.

• saw

• see

• seeing

PAST MODALS

We use “I would have” to give an opinion about an action in the past. 

We use “you should have” to make a suggestion about a past event. 

In both cases, our opinion or suggestion is too late. 

Reported speech.

POSITIVE STATEMENTS:

The teacher Paolo: “Open your books.” his students.

He said to open your books.

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS:

Teachers Kelly and Rosita: “Don’t eat in class” their students

They said not to eat in class.

They told them not to eat in class.

QUESTIONS:

My roommate Peter: Can you pick up some food on the way home? me

He asked me to pick up some food on the way home.

Reported speech: statements

The tense of the introducing verb (ask, say, tell) changes when the sentence is reported: simple present ➔ simple past; present continuous ➔ past continuous; present perfect ➔ past perfect. Modals change, too: can ➔could; will ➔ would; may ➔ might.

Multiple Choice

I made a good police officer ___

• because I like helping people.

• I like helping people.

• but I like helping people.