Agrarian Reform History in the Philippines

Agrarian Reform History in the Philippines

An Overview

Intended Learning Outcomes

• evaluate Agrarian Reform policies implemented from the Spanish period to the present;

• analyze the implications of the past Agrarian Reform policies to the present situation of the agrarian system; and

• assess and predict the future of Agrarian Reform in the Philippines.

Land Ownership in the Pre-Colonial Philippines

Pre-Spanish Era

Multiple Choice

How do you characterize land ownership during the Pre-Spanish era?

• communal ownership

• sole proprietorship

• class ownership

• hereditary ownership

Pre-Spanish Sale of Land

The Maragtas Code seems to be the only recorded transaction of land sale during this time. This tells us about the selling of the Panay Island by the natives to the ten Bornean Datus in exchange for a golden salakot and a long gold necklace.

Pre-Spanish Sale of Land

There are ten Bornean rulers who escaped the cruel ruler Sultan Makatunaw.

Datu Puti | Pinangpangan

Datu Sumakwel | Kapinangan

Datu Bangkaya | Katurong

Datu Paiborong | Pabilaan

Datu Paduhinogan | Tibongsapay

Datu Dumangsol

Datu Libay

Datu Dumangsil

Datu Domalogdog

Datu Balensuela

Multiple Choice

How is the system of dividing the produce of the land during the Pre-Spanish Era?

• 50-50 sharing (Datu and slave)

• 60-40 sharing (Datu and slave)

• 70-30 sharing (Datu and slave)

• 80-20 sharing (Datu and slave)

Land Ownership in the Philippines under Spain

The Start of Private Ownership of the Land

Multiple Select

Check the following who were allowed to own lands during the Spanish Era.

• religious congregations

• conquistadors

• hacendados

• caciques

• encomenderos

Land ownership during the Spanish Era

• The Spanish crown made a law in 1865 ordering landholders to register their landholdings.

• Only those who were aware of these decrees benefited. Ancestral lands were claimed and registered in other people’s names (Spanish officials or local chieftains).

• As a result, many peasant families were driven out from the lands they have been cultivating for centuries or were forced to become tillers.

Poll

Which of the following Spanish Era policies is the cruelest and inhuman to the Indios?

• Polo Y Servicios

• Bandala

• Tributo

• Cedula personales

Land ownership in the Philippines under Americans

For better or for worse?

American policies

• Landless peasants revolt to regain their lands

• Give them lands to pacify them

Laws implemented

• Philippine Bill of 1902

• Land Registration Act of 1902 (Torrens System)

• Public Land Law of 1903 (Homestead Law)

• Tenancy Act of 1933 (50-50 Sharing scheme)

Multiple Choice

Which law mandated the limit of hectares owned by an individual at 16 hectares and 1,024 for corporations?

• Land Tenancy Act of 1933

• Public Land Act of 1903

• Philippine Bill of 1902

• Land Registration Act of 1902

Multiple Choice

Which program allowed an enterprising tenant to acquire a

farm of at least 16 hectares to cultivate?

• Land Registration Act of 1902

• Public Land Act of 1903

• Philippine Bill of 1902

• Tenancy Act of 1933

What really happened?

• Landholdings were once again concentrated in the hands of fewer individuals who can afford to buy, register, and acquire fixed titles of their properties.

• There were widespread peasant uprisings, headed by the armed peasants’ groups known as Colorum and Sakdalista of Luzon and Northeastern Mindanao respectively.

What really happened?

• Hence, more militant peasants and workers’ organizations bonded together for a more collective action against the abuses of landlords and the unjust landownership situation.

• This gave birth to the Communist Party of the Philippines.

Land ownership in the Commonwealth Era

In pursuit of the Social Justice

Commonwealth Era

• The 1935 Constitution

• Commonwealth Act No. 178 (An Amendment to Rice Tenancy Act No. 4045), Nov. 13, 1936

• National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC), 1936

• Commonwealth Act. No. 461, 1937 – Tenancy Division of the Department of Justice.

• Rural Program Administration, March 2, 1939 – Purchase and lease of haciendas and their sale and lease to the tenants.

• Commonwealth Act No. 441 enacted on June 3, 1939 – Created the National Settlement Administration

Multiple Choice

Which Commonwealth Act provided safeguards for poor tenants against arbitrary eviction from the land they are cultivating?

• The 1935 Constitution

• Commonwealth Act No. 441

• Commonwealth Act No. 178

• Commonwealth Act. No. 461

Post-War Agrarian Reform Initiatives

From Roxas to Marcos Administrations

Multiple Choice

Under which administration where Republic Act No. 1160 which abolished LASEDECO and established NARRA was implemented?

• Carlos Garcia

• Ramon Magsaysay

• Elpidio Quirino

• Diosdado Macapagal

Multiple Choice

Under which administration where Republic Act No. 3844 which instituted the Agricultural Land Reform Code was implemented?

• Carlos Garcia

• Ramon Magsaysay

• Elpidio Quirino

• Diosdado Macapagal

Multiple Choice

Under which administration where Executive Order 355 which instituted the Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) was implemented?

• Carlos Garcia

• Ramon Magsaysay

• Elpidio Quirino

• Diosdado Macapagal

Multiple Choice

Under which administration where Republic Act No. 6389 creating the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) was passed?

• Diosdado Macapagal

• Carlos Garcia

• Manuel Roxas

• Ferdinand Marcos

Multiple Choice

Under which administration where Republic Act No. 34 providing for 70-30 sharing was passed?

• Diosdado Macapagal

• Carlos Garcia

• Manuel Roxas

• Ferdinand Marcos

Multiple Choice

Under which administration where the previous Agrarian-related program were continued and no new policies were passed?

• Diosdado Macapagal

• Carlos Garcia

• Manuel Roxas

• Ferdinand Marcos

Post-EDSA Agrarian Reform Initiatives

From Aquino to Duterte Administrations

Multiple Choice

Under which administration where Republic Act No. 8435 or the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act was signed into law?

• Rodrigo Duterte

• Corazon Aquino

• Fidel Ramos

• Joseph Estrada

Multiple Choice

Under which administration where 400 hectares of Boracay agricultural lands were converted into CARP lands?

• Rodrigo Duterte

• Corazon Aquino

• Fidel Ramos

• Joseph Estrada

Multiple Choice

Under which administration where KALAHI Agrarian Reform Zones were initiated?

• Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

• Corazon Aquino

• Fidel Ramos

• Joseph Estrada

Multiple Choice

Under which administration where the Hacienda Luisita farm lots were distributed to the tenant farmers?

• Rodrigo Duterte

• Benigno Simeon Aquino

• Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

• Joseph Estrada

Multiple Choice

Under which administration where Republic Act No. 6657 or the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) was signed into law?

• Rodrigo Duterte

• Corazon Aquino

• Fidel Ramos

• Joseph Estrada

Multiple Choice

Under which administration where Executive Order No. 151, establishing the Farmer’s Trust Fund was implemented?

• Rodrigo Duterte

• Corazon Aquino

• Fidel Ramos

• Joseph Estrada

Poll

Who do you think did the best effort in forwarding the goals of Agrarian Reform in the country?

• Corazon Aquino

• Fidel Ramos

• Joseph Estrada

• Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

• Benigno Simeon Aquino

End of Presentation

Thank you. You may now proceed to the Canvas Discussion page