Finishing off and revising Module 3

Finishing off and revising Module 3

Multiple Choice

Which list contains two abiotic and two biotic factors that act as selection pressures on koalas in the wild?

• rainfall, salinity, humans, grass

• eucalyptus trees, fire, soil pH, soil minerals

• soil temperature, oxygen, eagles, water

• air temperature, light, eucalyptus trees, goannas

Multiple Choice

Identify the list with biological levels organized from the smallest to the largest grouping of organisms.

• individual, community, biome, population, ecosystem, biosphere

• individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

• individual, population, ecosystem, community, biome, biosphere

• individual, community, population, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

Multiple Choice

• A = uniform, B=random, C=clumped

• A=clumped, B=uniform, C=random

• A=random, B=uniform, C=clumped

• A=clumped, B= uniform, C=clumped

Multiple Choice

Which of the graphs describes the following best,

A small population of rabbits moves onto a farm grazing paddock after the rabbit-proof fence around it is damaged. In the first year there is a good breeding season. In the second year the fence has been repaired

Multiple Choice

Four adaptations of the Australian red kangaroo are:

i. a dense network of blood vessels close to the skin in the forelimbs

ii) licking the forelimbs in hot weather

iii) a powerful tail that acts as a counterbalance when hopping

iv) the blood vessels in the forelimbs widen in hot weather.

Which of the following correctly classifies these four adaptations?

• i= physiological, ii=behavioral, iii = structural, iv = physiological

• i= structural, ii=behavioral, iii = structural, iv = physiological

• i= structural, ii=behavioral, iii = structural, iv = behavioural

• i= physiological, ii=behavioral, iii = physiological, iv = structural

Multiple Choice

In Australia, prickly pear and cane toads are both introduced species that have undergone population explosions and have extensive distributions. What is the current status of each?

• Both are still increasing in abundance

• Prickly pear has decreases in distribution and abundance; cane toads are still increasing for both.

• Prickly pear is still increasing in distribution and abundance; cane toads have decreased for both.

• Both have been controlled and are decreasing in distribution and abundance.

Multiple Choice

A species of moth known as Morgan's sphinx moth has developed an extremely long tongue to collect nectar from Darwin's orchid. The orchid developed to shape to spread pollen. This is an example of:

• natural selection

• allopatric speciation

• coevolution

• convergent evolution

Multiple Choice

There are two wild species of banana: Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. Today there are many varieties of this popular fruit. These original wild varieties have 22 chromosomes. The most popular variety of bananas grown in Australia today is the Cavendish. Cavendish banabas have been around since before 1850. The Cavendish's chromosome count is 33. The development of this variety of banana is most likely due to:

• polyploidy

• hybridisation

• genetic engineering

• self-fertilization

Multiple Choice

Mass extinction events have been a feature of Earth's biological histroy. The largest of these extinction events is known form the fossil evidence to have occured at the end of which period?

• Devonian

• Ordovician

• Cretaceous

• Permian

Multiple Choice

A fossil is found which has 60% Carbon-14 remaining. What is the approximate age of the fossil?

• 10000 years

• 8000 years

• 6000 years

• 4000 years

Multiple Choice

A molecular clock is used to measure the rate of evolutionary change in a group of related organisms. The molecular clock uses the known mutation rate of genes shared by the organism under investigation to stimate when they diverged from each other. This information is then used to construct scaled evolutionary trees. To be used as a molecular clock a gene needs several features.

Which of these is the most important feature?

• It has a recent origin

• It is being acted upon a strong selection pressure.

• It is positioned close to a telomere

• It has a constant mutation rate

Multiple Choice

Consider the four sites represented in the diagram. Which one of the folliwng statements is correct?

• Site 3 contains the youngest stratum and site 4 contains the oldest

• Site 1 contains both the youngest and oldest strata

• All strata at the same depth are the same age

• Site 1 constrains the oldest stratus and site 3 the youngest.

Multiple Choice

Identify the statement that is most accurate for the relationship between evolution and natural selection.

• Natural selection is the mechanism for evolution

• Evolution is the mechanism for natural selection

• Evolution results in natural selection.

• Natural selection results in evolution.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following an example of evolution by natural selection?

• genetically modified crops

• breeding drought-resistant cattle

• antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria

• bacteria that produce human insulin

Multiple Choice

Select the statement that describes punctuated equilibrium.

• Organisms undergo continuous, slow and gradual evolutionary changes over time

• Organisms stay quite stable in form until selection pressures cause relatively rapid evolutionary change.

• Organisms become extinct when they are not in balance with their environment

• Organisms have regular cycles of rapid evolutionary change followed by periods of stability.

Multiple Choice

Many fossils have been found around the world that can reliably be identified as marsupials due to their distinctive pelvic bone structure.These fossils provide evidence for which of the following?

• Marsupials orginated in Australia and have always been unique in this continent

• Marsupials have only ever lived in Australia and South America

• Marsupials in Australia and South America have analogous features

• Marsupials and their ancestors have migrated across many landmasses over Earth's history.

Multiple Choice

Identify a change that has occurred in the distribution of Australian flora and fauna over time.

• Platypuses have become extinct in all states except Tas

• Kangaroos have become restricted to desert areas

• Eucalypts have become more widespread

• Rainforest species have been more widespread.

Hybrids

Sometimes two separate species can interbreed to create a hybrid species. For example, a zebra and a horse can interbreed to produce a zorse. Zebras have 46 chromosomes and horses have 64. This is known as the diploid number. A sex cell has only half the number of chromosomes. This is known as the haploid number

Open Ended

Define the term "species"

Fill in the Blank

Sometimes two separate species can interbreed to create a hybrid species. For example, a zebra and a horse can interbreed to produce a zorse. Zebras have 46 chromosomes and horses have 64. This is known as the diploid number. A sex cell has only half the number of chromosomes. This is known as the haploid number.

How many chromosomes would you find in the gamete of a zebra? (Write only the number)

Fill in the Blank

Sometimes two separate species can interbreed to create a hybrid species. For example, a zebra and a horse can interbreed to produce a zorse. Zebras have 46 chromosomes and horses have 64. This is known as the diploid number. A sex cell has only half the number of chromosomes. This is known as the haploid number.

How many chromosomes would you find in the gamete of a horse? (Write only the number)

Fill in the Blank

Sometimes two separate species can interbreed to create a hybrid species. For example, a zebra and a horse can interbreed to produce a zorse. Zebras have 46 chromosomes and horses have 64. This is known as the diploid number. A sex cell has only half the number of chromosomes. This is known as the haploid number.

What is the diploid number of a zorse?? (Write only the number)

Open Ended

Would you predict the zorse to become a new species? Explain your answer.