US Fundamental

Fundamentals of Ultrasonography

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about pizoelectric crystals is true?

• they are found at the end of the transducer

• when electric current is applied, they vibrate

• when a vibratory pressure is applied, they produce an electric current

• they are delicate and easily broken

• all of the above

2 important parameters in reflection and propagation of sound waves

• Acoustic impedance - refers to resistance to movement and is proportional to tissue density

• Attenuation - decrease in intensity and amplitude of sound waves as it traverse the tissue; primarily results from absorption of ultrasound by the tissues

Multiple Choice

A structure that is brighter than its surrounding tissue is termed hyperechoic.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

A linear phased array transducer is typically better suited than a curve-abdominal or convex-array transducer for scanning within small imaging windows, such as the intercostal spaces

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

the transducer indicator-------

• should generally be oriented towards the patient's head when imaging in sagittal and coronal planes

• should generally be oriented towards the patient's anatomic right side when imaging in the transverse plane

• is present on all transducers

• all of the above

• none

Multiple Choice

when imaging in the transverse plane, with the transducer indicator oriented towards the patient anatomic right side, the patient's anatomic right is found on the left side (from the viewer's perspective) of the ultrasound screen

• false

• true

Multiple Choice

in coronal plane,-----

• the transducer indicator is directed towards the patient's head

• the body is imaged in a longitudinal plane

• the cephalad direction is towards the left side (from a viewer's perspective) on the screen

• the caudal direction is towards the right side (from a viewer's perspective) of the screen

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

an M- mode tracing represents------

• direction and velocity flow

• a still image

• a 2D tracing of movement on the screen

• all

• none

Multiple Choice

which of the following best characterizes gain?

• adjusting the gain of an image will increase/decrease the overall brightness of the screen

• one can decrease the tendency to overgain an image by diminishing ambient lighting

• gain can be adjusted in both the near field and far field of the screen

• the goal is to achieve a uniform gain throughout the image

• all