Colonial Expansion after 1750 - Background and the Effects on the Indigenous Population

Colonial Expansion after 1750

by Robyn Hobbs

​Britain takes control of the Cape

• ​From 1652 to 1795, the Cape was under the control of the DEIC due to them setting up a half way station at the Cape.

• ​The French attacked the Netherlands (Dutch) in 1795, so the British were afraid that France would take over the Cape too.

• Therefore the British sent troops in to help the Dutch defend the Cape.

• ​1806 the Cape becomes a BRITISH COLONY

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How did Southern Africa change in 1806?

​- The Cape was now a part of Britain's global empire - They were now leaders of trade and industry.

​- New British policies affected the indigenous people and then the Dutch farmers.

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​- The British army defeated the Xhosa and extended their British control.

​The Effects on the Indigenous Population

​- The settlement of the Dutch and British from 1806, had affected the movement and lives of the San hunter-gatherers and the Khoi herders.

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​- Many of these indigenous groups moved inland to the region of the Great Karoo to escape. Here is where they were raided by BOER COMMANDOS and used as cheap farm labour.

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​- The Khoi and San lost land and independence. Their way of life was completely destroyed. Therefore, these indigenous groups were forced to become reliant on the Dutch. Some moved away to become refugees beyond the Cape Colony's borders.

Multiple Select

Which two indigenous groups of people was initially affected by the arrival of the Dutch and British?

• Xhosa

• San

• Khoi

• Tswana

Multiple Choice

Who used the indigenous people as 'cheap farm labour'?

• Dutch

• Boers

• British

• French

Multiple Choice

Some Khoi and San moved beyond the Cape Colony as refugees. TRUE or FALSE.

• TRUE

• FALSE

​The Effects cont.

​- In 1799 Eastern Cape, the Khoi and San left the Dutch farms and joined the Xhosa people in a rebellion against Colonial rule. The British helped crush these uprisings!

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​- The British tried to introduce policies over the land for the indigenous people - many ran away! (Policies will be discussed later)

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​- British Govt. encouraged people to immigrate to the Cape Colony 1820

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​- Settlers sent to the Frontier area of the Eastern Cape - This brought about clashes with the Xhosa people who lived here.

Multiple Choice

Who did the Khoi & San join in Rebellion?

• Xhosa

• Sotho

• Tswana

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Indigenous Population

• ​Colonialism created forced labour and slavery from 1652

• ​Initially, African rulers thought they could benefit from trading with the Europeans - access to superior weapons​

• ​The biggest trade was in SLAVERY!

• ​African population affected!

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The next section will be:​

Changing labour patterns: The end of slavery & its effects.​