7.12DE Cell Organelles

7.12DE Cell Organelles

Ms. Lobdell

Poll

Do all cells have organelles? 

• yes

• no 

​No..

​But all Eukaryotic cells do. This means both plant and animal cells are Eukaryotic cells.

​

​Prokaryotic cells refer to those without membrane bound organelles, like bacteria and archaea. (Don't need to know right now).

​Organelle

• ​A structure inside a cell that performs a specialized function

  Organelles:

  • ​cell wall

  • cell membrane

  • nucleus

  • cytoplasm

  • mitochondria

  • chloroplast

  • vacuole

  • lysosomes

  • ER (smooth and rough)

  • Golgi complex

​Cell Membrane

• ​lipid barrier

• ​encloses the cytoplasm

• ​controls what enters and exits the cell

• ​protects and gives cell some structure

• ​in both plant and animal cells

​Cell Wall

• ​tough, protective barrier

• ​made of cellulose

• surrounds the outer membrane of plant cells

• ​forms stiff and rigid structure to help plants grow tall

  NOT in animal cells

Multiple Choice

When water pressure changes in a plant cell, the cell wall _

• regulates material into the cell 

• helps the cell maintain its shape

• converts light to energy 

• separates genetic material 

​Cytoplasm

• ​jellylike material

• ​touches the inside of the cell membrane

• ​holds the nucleus, organelles, and other components of the cell

• ​in both plant and animal cells

Multiple Choice

Which organelle do both plants and animals have? 

• cell wall 

• chloroplast

• cell membrane

​Vacuole

• ​stores water waste and food

• ​in both plant and animal cells

• ​plant cells have big vacuoles to store water and keep their shape

• ​animal cells have many small vacuoles or no vacuoles at all

​Nucleus

• membrane-bound organelle in Eukaryotic cells

• ​contains DNA - genetic material

• ​control center of the cell

Multiple Choice

The nucleus is the control center of the cell. 

What organ in humans is this organelle comparable to? 

• lung

• brain 

• heart

• kidney

​Mitochondria

• ​bean/peanut shaped with lots of folds for surface area

• ​​functions in energy production​

• ​powerhouse of the cell

• ​in both plant and animal cells

• ​breaks down sugars to make ATP (energy)

  • ​process called cellular respiration

​Cellular Respiration

• ​process of obtaining energy from the breaking of chemical bonds in nutrients

• ​in mitochondria

• ​how cells get energy!

​Chloroplast

• ​oval shaped membrane-bound organelle

• ​site of photosynthesis

  • ​converts light energy into chemical energy

• ​contains chlorophyll - the stuff that makes plants green

• ​how plants get their food

• ​only in plant cells

Multiple Choice

Animals find and eat food for energy. Plants cannot do this. What organelle functions similarly to animals eating food? 

• cell wall

• nucleus

• chloroplast

• mitochondria

​Photosynthesis

• ​chemical reaction in plants

• ​converts radiant energy from the Sun to chemical energy

• ​converts carbon dioxide and water into sugar (glucose) and oxygen

Multiple Choice

What two organelles are ONLY in plant cells?

• chloroplast

  cell wall

• cell membrane

  cytoplasm

• mitochondrion

  vacuole

• cell wall

  mitochondrion 

​Other Organelles

​Endoplasmic Reticulum

(ER)

• ​network to transport and store substances in the cell

• ​pathway between nucleus and cell membrane

• ​Smooth and Rough ER

• ​ER (emergency room - ambulance transports you to the ER)

​Ribosomes

• ​produce proteins

• ​small round organelles

• ​on Eough ER

​Lysosomes

• ​break down food molecules and dead/injured cells

• ​mostly in animal cells

• ​Lysol cleaner

Multiple Choice

Lysosomes are similar to which organ system in humans? 

• respiratory 

• circulatory 

• digestive

• endocrine

​Golgi Body or Golgi Complex

• ​produces lysosomes

• ​packages proteins for the cell

• ​releases proteins into cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

The golgi apparatus is most similar to _

• the mall 

• the post office

• H-E-B

• middle school