'Colonial Expansion after 1750 - Changing Labour Patterns: The End of Slavery and its Effects AND Expanding Frontiers an

'Colonial Expansion after 1750 - Changing Labour Patterns: The End of Slavery and its Effects AND Expanding Frontiers and Trade

by Robyn Hobbs

​The Dutch at the Cape

​- Under Dutch settlement, there was a shortage of labour in Southern Africa (Cape), therefore the Dutch 'imported' labour

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- The Khoi initially traded with the Dutch. This was one of the very few benefits for the African tribes. Therefore the Dutch could NOT enslave the Khoi.

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​- Slaves were mostly imported from Mozambique and Madagascar, East Africa and Asia.

Fill in the Blanks

What did the Dutch 'import'?

Multiple Select

Which areas 'supplied' the Dutch with slaves?

(Choose 3)

• Madagascar

• Tanzania

• Mozambique

• Asia

• Botswana

Changing Labour Patterns​ (under British rule)

​British introduced new policies:

​- They tried to settle the San on mission stations and give them livestock - The San did not want to settle or become Christians.

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​- A RESERVE was formed for the San people - called Bushmanland - The Dutch settlers often hunted the animals in this area which took away food for the San. This created more violence!

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​- Different policy for the Khoi

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​The Ending of Slavery & its Effects

​- In 1807, Britain abolished (got rid of) the slave trade in the British Empire -Abolition of Slavery Act

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- This meant that slaves could not be traded throughout the British Empire, BUT you could still own slaves within the Cape.

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Multiple Choice

Bushmanland was the land set aside for the Khoi. TRUE or FALSE.

• FALSE

• TRUE

Multiple Choice

Slavery was abolished in the Britain Empire in:

• 1805

• 1807

• 1808

​The Ending of Slavery & its Effects cont.

​- 1809 Caledon Code was introduced - This introduced Pass Laws that controlled the movement of Khoi farm workers.

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​- 1828 This law was changed to a new law called ORDINANCE 50.

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​-This gave the Khoi more freedom of movement, and encouraged them to move to the eastern Cape to work on the farms established by the British.

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​- New laws were also introduced to protect slaves - such as improved working hours, allowed to marry, slaves given the right to buy their freedom

Multiple Choice

Ordinance 50 was a law which replaced the Caledon Law. TRUE OR FALSE.

• TRUE

• FALSE

​The Ending of Slavery & its Effects cont.

​- 1834 Slavery was abolished throughout the British Empire, including the Cape.

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​- Many farmers were against this ruling, HOWEVER the British Govt, promised them compensation.

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​- Once 'freed', slaves had to still work for another 4 years as APPRENTICES (without pay) to give farmers time to adjust to this new system of 'wage' labour.

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​- Therefore, most continued to work as unskilled labourers.

Multiple Choice

Would majority of the British farmers be in support of the 1834 abolishment of slavery?

YES or NO

• YES

• NO

​Ending of Slavery & its Effects cont.

​Historians have suggested various reasons for why Britain possibly abolished slavery:

​- People felt it was morally wrong

​- Felt that a labour force working for wages would be more productive

​- Fearful of a grand scale slave revolt

​Expanding Frontiers & Trade

​- Cape Town area became an NB commercial centre

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​- More British businessman settled here, therefore they imported manufactured goods from Britain

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​- In 1820, British settlers came to the eastern Cape - the hope was that they would become farmers, yet many of them became merchants and crafts people in new towns forming.

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​- Some British farmers who were successful, asked the Govt. to take over more Xhosa land so that they could expand their farms.

Multiple Choice

Which year did the British Govt. send settlers to Southern Africa?

• 1824

• 1834

• 1820

• 1808

​Expanding Frontiers & Trade cont.

​- Some settlers expanded to seek grazing for their cattle.

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​- These British settlers lived a semi-nomadic lifestyle, moving between summer & winter

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​- As they expanded, CONFLICT between the British and the Khoi/ Xhosa.

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​- 9 Frontier Wars occurred between the British and Xhosa - This deprived the Xhosa of their independence. (You will look at this in a bit more detail later)

Fill in the Blanks

How many Frontier Wars existed between the Xhosa and the British?

​NEXT LESSON...... 'Boer Responses to British Control: trekking into the interior'