Matter

Matter

by LAKSHYA

​Classification of matter

• ​​Element: An element is a substance which can not be split up into two or more simpler substances by usual chemical methods

• ​Compound: A compound is a substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio by weight

• ​​A mixture is a substance which consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.

• ​Types of mixtures :

• ​(i) Homogeneous mixture: It has a uniform composition throughout and its components can not be distinguished visually.

• ​(ii) Heterogeneous mixture: It is one that is not uniform throughout. Different samples of a heterogeneous mixture may have different composition.

​Classification

of Matter:

• ​Plasma : Plasmas are a lot like gases, but the atoms are different because they are made up of free electrons and ions of the element. Example of plasma is a neon sign.  

• ​Bose-Einstein Condensates : Condensation happens when several gas molecules come together and form a liquid. It all happens because of a loss of energy. Gases are really excited atoms. When they lose energy, they slow down and begin to collect

• ​Kinetic Theory of Matter :

• ​(i) Matter consists of molecules which are the smallest particles and retain all the chemical properties of the parent substance.

• ​(ii) The molecules are always in a state of random continuous motion.

• ​(iii) The molecules exert forces on one another.

• ​(iv) All collision between the particles of matter are perfectly elastic.

​Interchange of

States of matter:

• ​​Evaporation (L-G)

• ​Boiling (L-G)

• ​Condensation (G-L)

• ​Fusion/Melting (S-L)

• ​Solidification (L-S)

• ​​Sublimation (S-G)

​Emulsions are colloidal solutions in which both the dispersed phase and dispersion medium are liquids.