Introduction to Organic Chemistry Lesson

Introduction to Organic Chemistry Lesson

by Phoebe Quinn

​What are organic molecules?

• ​Organic molecules are molecules that contain carbon.

• ​Organic compounds are associated with living organisms.

• ​Organic molecules that are specifically produced by living organisms are called biomolecules.

  • ​Biomolecules include vitamins, hormones, and ATP, to name a few.

​What are macromolecules?

• ​A special class of biomolecules are long, complex molecules called macromolecules.

• ​The four main types of macromolecules are:

  • ​Carbohydrates

  • ​Lipids

  • ​Proteins

  • ​Nucleic Acids

• ​The elements responsible for forming the basis of most biomolecules are:

  • ​Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

​Polymerization

• ​Macromolecules are formed with smaller molecules called monomers are joined together in a process known as polymerization.

• ​This process forms polymers, which may be made from hundreds or thousands of monomers.

• ​Monomers combine to form a polymer by using a condensation reaction (also called dehydration synthesis.) This type of reaction forms a molecule of water every time a monomer is added.

​Hydrolysis

• ​Polymers are broken down into monomers by an opposite reaction called hydrolysis.

• ​In this reaction, a water molecule is split into hydrogen (H+) and hydroxide (OH-) and used to break a bond between monomers.

• ​Living organisms often break down macromolecules to obtain energy or to get the building blocks to make other organic molecules.

Multiple Choice

Which element is organic chemsitry about?

• Boron

• Sodium

• Carbon

• Sulphur

Multiple Choice

Which substance is an organic molecule?

• O₂ (Oxygen Gas)

• C₆H₁₂O₆ (Glucose)

• NaCl (Sodium Chloride)

• H₂O (Water)

Multiple Choice

Chemical process of combining monomers to form a polymer:

• Polymerization

• Hydrolysis

• Evaporation

• Transpiration

Multiple Choice

A small molecule that may be chemically bonded to other like molecules to form a polymer:

• Monomer

• Polymer

• Polysaccharide

• Phospholipid

Multiple Choice

A chemical reaction that uses water to break apart a polymer into monomers.

• Hydrolysis

• Polymerization

• Transpiration

• Sublimation

Multiple Choice

A carbon-containing molecule that is associated with living organisms but may also be manmade.

• Organic molecules

• Inorganic molecules

• Water molecules

• Ionic molecules

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of macromolecules?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Sodium