Review Chapter 1 Lesson 2 - The Geographer's Tools

Review Chapter 1 Lesson 2

The Geographer's Tools

by Heriberto Muro

Using Globes and Maps​

​Making and using maps and globes is a big part of geography. Geographers use both of them to picture the world and show where things are located.

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​Globes

​A globe is the most accurate way to show places on Earth. Because Earth is in the shape of a sphere, globes are also in the shape of a sphere. A sphere is another word for ball.

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Globes have some advantages over maps.

• Globes are shaped like Earth.

• They show the correct shapes of land and bodies of water.

• They show accurate distances and directions between places on Earth.

​Maps

Maps are not round like globes. Instead, they are flat representations of the round Earth. Because of this, maps distort what Earth looks like. Distort means “bend or twist.” In other words, maps will always show the physical features of Earth incorrectly to some degree​

​Maps

​Even though maps aren’t as accurate as globes, they have several advantages.

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• Maps don’t have to show the whole planet.

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• They can provide more details than a globe.

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• They can be stored and carried easily.

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• They can focus on just one small area.

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​Maps & Globes

​One thing both globes and maps show are hemispheres.

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A hemisphere is half of Earth. These halves are divided by the Equator and the Prime Meridian.

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The Equator divides Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The Prime Meridian and the International Date Line divide Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

Multiple Choice

The most accurate way to show places on Earth is with a _________________. Globes are models of the world. They show distances and directions between places more correctly than flat images of Earth do.

• Globes

• Maps

• Flat

• accurate

Multiple Choice

___________ are not round like globes.

• detailed

• Maps

• information

• globes

Multiple Choice

Maps are _________ representations of the round Earth.

• Globes

• Projections

• Soft

• Flat

Multiple Choice

Maps convert, or change, a round space into a flat space. Maps are not as___________ as globes.

• simple

• false

• big

• accurate

Multiple Choice

Maps have benefits that globes do not have. Maps can show smaller areas of Earth with much more __________than globes can.

• zoom

• detail

• response

• detection

Multiple Select

Maps tend to show more kinds of ____________ than globes. Maps can also be _____________ .

• information

• incorrect

• false

• specialized

​All about maps

Maps are everywhere—in the subway, in your textbook, at a Web site, or in a state park. Each map is different, but they share many common features.

​The table describes these features.

​Main Ideas All About Maps.

• ​Maps have several important features to convey information about places.

• ​Geographers use map projections to view the round Earth on a flat map.

• ​Maps are either large scale or small scale o convey distances on Earth.

• ​Different information is conveyed on either general purpose or thematic map

Multiple Choice

Maps have several important ______________, or features. These features are the tools the map uses to convey information.

• elements

• information

• options

• statements

Multiple Select

The ____________tells you what area the map will cover. The _________unlocks the meaning of the map for you. It does so by explaining the symbols, colors, and lines on the map.

• title

• key

• compass

• astrolabe

Multiple Select

he scale bar is an important part of the map. It tells you how a measured space on the map corresponds to __________ on Earth. You use the _________ to understand direction. This map feature points out north, south, east, and west.

• actual distances

• title

• key

• compass rose

Multiple Select

To convert the round Earth to a flat map, geographers use ____________. A map projection ___________ some aspects of Earth in order to represent other aspects as accurately as possible on a flat map

• purpose

• map projections

• satellites

• distorts

Multiple Choice

Mapmakers choose which projection to use based on the _____________ of the map

• key

• purpose

• projections

• scale

Multiple Select

Scale is another important feature of maps. The _______ connects distances on the map to actual distances on Earth. Scale is the relationship between distances on the map and on Earth. Different types of scale have benefits and drawbacks. Mapmakers also choose which scale to use depending on the map’s _________.

• thematic

• specialized

• scale bar

• purpose

Multiple Select

The two types of maps are ____________and __________.

• general purpose

• thematic

• mall maps

• amusement park maps

Multiple Choice

Thematic maps show more ________ information.

• specialized

• random

• silly

• unexpected

​Geospatial Technologies

​Cell phones and GPS devices use something called geospatial technology. Technology is any way that scientific discoveries are applied to practical use. Geospatial technologies help us think spatially about geography. GPS devices are one type of geospatial technology. They work with something called the Global Positioning System (GPS).

​Geospatial Technologies

​The GPS system is made up of more than 30 satellites that orbit Earth. These satellites send out radio signals to GPS devices on Earth. GPS devices receive the signals from four satellites. They need four satellites so they can combine the signals. This helps them calculate their exact location on Earth.

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Another type of geospatial technology is the geographic information system (GIS). This system gathers, stores, and analyzes geographic information. The information is then shown on a computer screen as a map.​

​Geospatial Technologies

​Satellites gather information by something called remote sensing. This means the information comes from far away. Satellites might take pictures of the land. Or they might measure the amount of moisture in the soil. In the 2000s, GIS technology uses remote sensing to help protect plants and animals.

Multiple Choice

GPS devices work with a network called the _______. This network was built by the United States government.

• Global Positioning System (GPS)

• detail

• satellite

• GPI

Multiple Select

The GPS has three elements. The first element of this network is a set of more than 30 __________that orbit Earth at all times. The second part of the network is the ________ . T

• satellites

• control system

• Apple Carplay

• Android Carplay

Multiple Select

The third part of the GPS system consists of GPS devices on ________. These devices receive the ________sent by the satellites. By combining the signals from different satellites, a device calculates its location on Earth in terms of ________. GPS is used in many ways.

• Earth

• signals

• latitude and longitude

• map projections

Multiple Select

Another important geospatial technology is known as ______. These systems consist of computer hardware and software that gather, store, and analyze geographic information. The information is then shown on a ______ .

• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

• Google Earth

• Television

• Computer screen

Multiple Choice

A GIS is a powerful tool because it links data about all kinds of physical and human features with the locations of those features. Because computers can store and process so much data, the GIS can be very accurate and _________.

• detailed

• polluted

• unreasonable

• polite

Multiple Choice

Since the 1970s, satellites have gathered___________about Earth’s surface. They do so using remote sensing, which means getting information from far away. Satellites get information in different ways. Some satellites gather this information regularly on every spot in the world.

• data

• communication

• radar

• statistics