Sun, Earth, and Moon

Sun, Earth, and Moon

by Lauren Olivares

​The Sun

​The sun is a star and is the center of our galaxy.

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​The sun is a yellow dwarf star that formed over 4.6 Billion years ago.

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​The Sun is made up mostly of gasses called hydrogen and helium.

​Layers of the Sun

• ​Core- the core is about 27 million degrees Celsius and made up of helium (gas).

• 3 outer layers

  • Photosphere

  • Chromosphere

  • Corona

Photosphere

• ​Photosphere- the visible surface of the sun that gives off sunlight. It is also the coolest layers.

• It has different colors, orange, yellow, and red.

• Sun spots, or strong magnetic fields appear here.

​Chromosphere

• ​This layers glows red.

• ​Occasionally solar flares can be seen exploding in this layer.

• ​Solar Flare- violent explosions on the sun.

​Corona

​Corona- is the outermost layer of the atmosphere. It looks like the sun's halo or crown.

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​The coronoa can best be seen during an eclipse.

​Layers of the Earth

1. Crust

2. Mantle

3. Outer Core

4. Inner Core​

​The Crust

• ​The Crust is the outermost and thinnest layer. It is solid and the coolest.

• ​2 types of Crust

  • ​Continental Crust-above sea level

  • Oceanic Crust-below sea level.

​Mantle

​Mantle- Layers of the Earth between the crust and the core. It is solid.

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​The thickest layer made up of the upper mantle and the lower mantle.

​Core

Center of the Earth, made up of 2 layers.

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• ​Outercore- liquid layer located beneath the mantle.

• ​Innercore- solid center of the planet. Hottest part of the earth.

​Atmosphere

​Atmosphere- layer of gas that surrounds the Earth and protects it from asteroids and too much heat.

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​2 Layers- upper atmosphere and lower atmosphere.

​Layers of the Moon

1. Crust

2. Mantle​

3. Outer Core​

4. Inner Core

​The Crust

• ​The Crust is the outermost and thinnest layer. It is solid and rocky.

• The surface has thousands of pits called craters.

​Mantle

​Mantle- Layers of the Moon between the crust and the core.

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​Core

Center of the Moon, made up of 2 layers.

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• ​Outercore- liquid layer located beneath the mantle.

• ​Innercore- solid center of the moon made of iron and nickel.

​Atmosphere

​Atmosphere- the moon has no atmosphere which leads to it being hit by meteors and asteroids.

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Multiple Choice

Which type of eclipse is this

• Solar Eclipse
• Lunar Eclipse

Multiple Choice

What is an explosion on the sun that gives out huge amounts of energy?

• Sun Spot
• Solar Flare
• Sun Ray
• Sun Gases

Multiple Choice

What are spots on the sun that are cooler than the rest of the sun?

• Solar Flares
• Corona
• Sun Spots
• Sun Rays

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the sun is the hottest?

• Photosphere
• Chromosphere
• Corona
• Core

Multiple Choice

What is the sun made out of?

• fire and lava
• gases
• magma
• flames

Multiple Choice

How does the sun keep all of the planets in orbit?

• The pull of its gravity
• the flames give it power
• the sun spots
• The solar flares guide them

Multiple Choice

The SUN is an average sized star. 

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

The most common elements in the SUN are 

• carbon and oxygen
• water and carbon dioxide
• calcium and potassium
• hydrogen and helium

Multiple Choice

The Sun is a

• Yellow Super Giant

• Yellow Dwarf

• White Dwarf

• Yellow Giant

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order of the earth's layers from inside to outside?

• inner core, mantle, outer core, crust

• outer core, inner core, mantle, crust

• crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

• inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

Multiple Choice

Which is the thinnest layer?

• crust

• mantle

• outer core

• inner core

Multiple Choice

Which is the coolest layer?

• crust

• mantle

• outer core

• inner core

Multiple Choice

Which is the hottest layer?

• crust

• mantle

• outer core

• inner core

Multiple Select

Select ALL layers that are liquid/molten rock.

• crust

• mantle

• outer core

• inner core

Multiple Select

Select ALL layers that are solid.

• crust

• mantle

• outer core

• inner core

Multiple Choice

A layer of air that surrounds Earth to keep us warm is called ...

• atmosphere
• Sun's rays
• ozone layer
• air pressure

Multiple Choice

The Earth's atmosphere is mainly made of

• water
• snow
• wax
• air

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order of the layers from hottest to coolest?

• crust, inner core, mantle, outer core

• mantle, inner core, outer core, crust

• inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

• crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Multiple Choice

The moon ____________ around the Earth.

• revoloves
• rotates
• up
• down

Multiple Choice

How long does it take for the moon to revolve around the Earth?

• 365 days
• 24 days
• 27.5 days
• 24 hours

Multiple Choice

large round pits on the moon created by meteoroid impacts

• craters

• highlands

• mare

• maria

Multiple Choice

True or False: The moon does not have layers (core, mantle, crust).

• False

• True

Multiple Choice

What is a moon?

• an asteroid

• a space object that orbits around a planet

• a space object that orbits around a star

​Phases of the Moon

Every month the moon goes through phases.​

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​Phases of the moon is caused by the position of the Earth, Moon, and Sun.

​Why the Moon Appears Brighter and Darker

​Phase- each look of the moon depending on the illumination(amount of light).

Waxing- gaining more illumination/getting brighter

Waning- losing illumination/getting dimmer.

​8 Phases of the Moon

1. New Moon

2. Waxing Crescent

3. 1st Quarter

4. ​Waxing Gibous

5. ​Full Moon

6. ​Waning Gibous

7. ​3rd Quarter

8. ​Waning Crescent

​Moon Positions

• ​Lunar phases depends on the position of the Moon, Earth and Sun.

• ​Full Moon- Moon, Earth, Sun

• ​New Moon- Earth, Moon, Sun

Multiple Choice

The side of the moon facing the earth is not illuminated. We can not see the moon.

• Full Moon

• First Quarter Moon

• New Moon

• Last Quarter

Multiple Choice

The right half of the moon is illuminated.

• Last Quarter

• Waxing Gibbous

• Waning Gibbous

• First Quarter

Multiple Choice

Most of the moon's surface is illuminated except for a sliver on the right side.

• Waxing Gibbous

• Waxing Crescent

• Waning Gibbous

• Waning Crescent

Multiple Choice

Small sliver of the moon is illuminated on the right side.

• New Moon

• Waning Gibbous

• Last Quarter

• Waxing Crescent

Multiple Choice

The entire side of the moon facing earth is illuminated.

• Full Moon

• New Moon

• First Quarter

• Waxing Crescent

Multiple Choice

The moon is appearing to get larger

• Waxing

• Waning

• Gibbous

• Crescent

Multiple Choice

The moon is appearing to get smaller

• Waxing

• Waning

• Crescent

• Gibbous