Classification of Robots

Classification of Robots

Multiple Choice

It is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator which is designed to move things with the help of variable programmed motions

• Machine

• Human

• Robot

• A.I.

Multiple Choice

In 1921, the Czech writer Karel Capek used the term ‘Robot’ to denote a human-replaced machine, by a fictional character, in his play. What is the title of this play?

• Rossum’s Universal Robots

• Transformers

• Star Wars

• The Master Mystery

Multiple Choice

Due to the fear in the mind of people that robots would eventually wipe out humans from the earth, in 1940, Isaac Asimov envisioned a robot as an asset to humans. Which of the following is not part of the Three Laws of Robotics that he postulated?

• No man should be harmed by a robot or its actions.

• Robots should be the supreme creation.

• Human orders should always be obeyed unless it is contrary to the first law.

• Robots should protect from harm.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a term used to refer to the ability of a computer program or a machine to think and learn?

• Algorithm

• Supercomputer

• Artificial Intelligence

• Program

Multiple Choice

It provides a robot with information about its own internal state and about its environment.

• Sensor

• Processor

• Software

• Manipulator

​

​

​What is a ROBOT?

A robot is a developed, flexible maneuver designed to advanced apparatuses, components, kits, or exclusive mechanisms through various organized movements for the completion of a variety of tasks.

​

A Robot is a machine-like device that achieves human labor, either mechanically automatic or by push-button control.

​Robotics technology associations

• ​Robotics Institute of America (RIA)

• ​Japan Industrial Robotics Association (JIRA)

• ​World Robotics Olympiad (WRO)

​According to JIRA

​Class1: Manual-Handling Device

Class2: Fixed Sequence Robot

Class3: Variable Sequence Robot

Class4: Playback Robot

Class5: Numerical Control Robot

Class6: Intelligent Robot

​​Class1: Manual-Handling Device

​multiple degrees of freedom, but all of its actions are performed under the direct control of an operator

​Class2: Fixed Sequence Robot

​this type of robot repeats a series of tasks without needing to be controlled by the manipulator

​Class3: Variable Sequence Robot

​this type of robot is similar to class 2, except that the sequence of actions can be reprogrammed easily allowing it to be quickly adapted to perform new tasks

​Class4: Playback Robot

​This type of robot is first guided through a sequence of actions by an operator, then repeats the same actions automatically

​Class5: Numerical Control Robot

​This type of robot moves through a sequence of actions, which it receives in the form of numerical data

​Class6: Intelligent Robot

​A robot that senses its environment and responds to changes in it in order to continue performing its function

​According to RIA

​1. Variable - Sequence Robot

2. Playback Robot

3. Numerical Robot

4. Intelligent Robot

​According to Association Francaise de Robotique (AFR)

​Type A: Manually controlled handling devices and telerobotics.

Type B: Automatic handling devices with predetermined cycles.

Type C: Servo controlled robots with programmable trajectories.

Type D: Same as type C but able to respond to their environment.

​According to INTEL-ISEF

​1. Biomechanics - Explores and mechanisms which caricature the tasks of mechanics in biological systems.

2. Cognitive Systems -Studies/apparatus that operate similarly to the ways humans think and process information.

3. Control Theory - Explore the actions of vital systems with inputs, and how their movement is transformed by response.

4. Machine Learning - Building and/or exploration of system that can be learned from data.

5. Robot Kinematics - The study of motions in robotic classifications.

​Robot Characteristics

​Robots are:

​• Machines - mechanical devices designed for doing work.

• Automatic - operations which are executed without external help.

• Reprogrammable - multifunctional and flexible: not restricted to one job but can be programmed to perform many jobs (nearly all robot systems contain a reprogrammable computer).

• Responsive - must be able to react based on their sensory input.

ADVANTAGES VS. DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTS

​• Robots increase productivity, safety, efficiency, quality, and consistency of products.

• Robots can work in hazardous environments

• Robots need no environmental comfort.

• Robots work continuously without experiencing fatigue of problem.

​• Robots have repeatable precision at all times.

• Robots can be much more accurate than human.

• Robots can process multiple stimuli or tasks simultaneously.

ADVANTAGES VS. DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTS

• Robots replace human workers creating economic problems.

• Robots lack capability to respond in emergencies.

• Robots, although superior in certain senses, have limited capabilities in Degree of freedom, Dexterity, Sensors, Vision system, real time response. • Robots are costly, due to Initial cost of equipment, Installation costs, Need for Peripherals, Need for training, Need for programming