Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics

by Luis Bello

​Previous: The Solubility Product

• ​Write chemical equations and equilibrium expressions representing solubility equilibria

• Carry out equilibrium computations involving solubility, equilibrium expressions, and solute concentrations

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​​Chapter Outline

16.1 Spontaneity

16.2 Entropy

16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics

16.4 Free Energy

​​Learning Objectives

• Distinguish between spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes

• Describe the dispersal of matter and energy that accompanies certain spontaneous processes

• ​Define entropy

• Explain the relationship between entropy and the number of microstates

• Predict the sign of the entropy change for chemical and physical processes

What is entropy? - Jeff Phillips | TED-Ed

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Multiple Choice

Which best describes ENTROPY?

• Useful heat energy needed to drive an engine
• Heat that can be stored to be used at a later date
•   Random energy that escapes from the system
• A state of order in a physical system

Multiple Choice

Which state of H₂O  has the greatest entropy?

• Ice
• Water
• Vapor

Multiple Choice

The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the

• Zeroth law of thermodynamics
• law of heat addition
• principle of entropy
• conservation of energy

Multiple Choice

The picture shows two completely identical mason jars. They're both filled with the same gas, only one of them has more in it (more molecules). What can you say about the pressures of both jars?

• P₁ > P₂ (greater pressure in jar 1)

• P₁< P₂ (greater pressure in jar 2)

• P₁ = P₂ (same pressure in both)

• There's not enough info to tell