Cells Theory, Microscopes, and Types of Cells

Cells

by Kara Simpson

​Who: Robert Hooke

​When: 1665

​How: Looked at cork through a microscope

​Significance: First to see and name cells

​Discovery of Cells

​Living Cells Seen

​Who: Anton van Leeuwvenhoek

​When: 1683

​What: microorganisms in pond water

​Significance: Cells are alive

​Cell Theory

​Contributors:

• ​Matthias Schleiden --> all plants are made up of cells

• ​Theodor Schwann --> all animals are made up of cells

• ​Rudolph Virchow --> cells only come from other cells

Multiple Choice

Which statement is NOT a part of the Cell Theory?

• All cells come from pre-existing cells

• All living things are made of cells

• All cells form from spontaneous generations

• Cells are the basic unit of structure & function of living organisms

Multiple Select

Check all that applies to the Cell Theory:

• Plants

• Animals

• Bacteria

• Water

Multiple Choice

How can we see cells?

• Light Microscopes

• Electron Microscopes

• Both

Multiple Choice

Rocks are not living because

• they never move
• they aren't needed for humans
• they are not made of cells
• they don't break down

​Microscopes

• ​Basic tool of biology

• ​Creates an enlarged image of an object

• ​Terms to know:

  • ​magnification --> Power to increase an objects apparent size

  • ​resolution --> Power to show detail clearly​

​

​Types of Microscopes

​Compound Light Microscope

• ​Uses a series of lenses to magnify images

• ​Use stains and dyes to see cells better

​Electron Microscope

• ​Create an image with a beam of electrons

• ​Transmission Electron Microscope

• ​Scanning Electron Microscope

• ​Scanning Tunneling Microscope

​Parts of a Microscope

1. ​Objective Lens = Lens closest to the specimen; directs light to the ocular.

2. ​Ocular = Eyepiece; Lens in eye piece

3. ​Revolving Nosepiece = Holds the objective lenses; allows for adjustment of objective lenses to higher or lower magnification.

​Parts of a Microscope

​4. Stage = holds the specimen to be viewed

​5. Stage Clips = keeps the microscope slide in place

​6. Diaphragm = adjusts the amount of light that passes through the specimen

​7. Light source = source of light on the microscope

​8. Arm = holds the ocular and revolving nosepiece; carry using the arm

​Parts of a Microscope

​9. Coarse Adjustment knob = allows for focus of the specimen at low magnification; only use on low magnification

​10. Fine adjustment knob = used to focus specimen at high magnification

​11. Base = the bottom of the microscope; put one hand under the base to carry

Multiple Choice

Where do you place the slide?

• eyepiece lens

• Objective lens

• Stage

• lamp

Multiple Choice

What are the lenses above the stage called?

• eyepiece lens

• Objective lens

• Stage

• lamp

Multiple Choice

Number 8

• Base
• Stage
• Tube
• Arm

Multiple Choice

Number 12

• Course Adjustment
• Fine Adjustment
• Small Adjuster
• Large Adjuster

Multiple Choice

Number 5

• Knob
• Ocular Lens
• Diaphragm
• Objective Lens

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

There are two types of cells:

• Cells that have a nucleus: EUKARYOTIC

• Cells that do not have a nucleus: PROKARYOTIC

ALL cells have:

• A cell membrane

• Cytoplasm

• DNA

• Ribosomes

• ​Ability to generate energy

Prokaryotic Cells:

• are bacteria

• are small

• are old

• are missing a nucleus and organelles

Eukaryotic Cells are:

• Plants, animals, fungi or protists

• Have a nucleus and organelles

• ​DNA is found in the nucleus

• ​​Single or multicellular organisms

• ​generally large and complex

Multiple Choice

The two types of cells are

• Youkaryotic and Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

• Plant and Animal

Multiple Select

What do all cells have:

• nucleus

• cytoplasm

• cell wall

• cell membrane

• RER

Multiple Choice

Prokaryotic cells are missing:

• cytoplasm

• ribosomes

• a nucleus

• a cell membrane

• DNA

Multiple Choice

A nucleus is found in

• Eukaryotic Cells

• Bacteria

• Prokaryotic Cells