Spine Stuff

Spine Stuff

Multiple Choice

What's its purpose?

• Prevents forward sliding of lower lumbar vertebrae

• Prevents excessive extension

• Prevents excessive flexion

• Holds laminae together

Multiple Choice

What's the purpose of posterior longiitudiinal ligament?

• Prevents forward sliding of lower lumbar vertebrae

• Prevents excessive extension

• Prevents excessive flexion

• Holds laminae together

Multiple Choice

What's the purpose of anterior longiitudiinal ligament?

• Prevents forward sliding of lower lumbar vertebrae

• Prevents excessive extension

• Prevents excessive flexion

• Holds laminae together

Multiple Choice

What's the purpose of ligamentum flavum?

• Prevents forward sliding of lower lumbar vertebrae

• Prevents excessive extension

• Prevents excessive flexion

• Holds laminae together

Multiple Choice

How many vertebrae are there in the Lumbar spine?

• 7

• 5

• 12

• 4

Multiple Choice

What is the natural curvature of the lumbar spine called?

• Scoliosis

• Kyphosis

• Valgus

• Lordosis

Multiple Choice

At what Lx level does the spinal cord end and the cauda equina start?

• L1/2

• L2/3

• L3/4

• L4/5

Multiple Choice

Which of the following spinal nerves originate from the lumbar spine?

• Radial nerve

• Median nerve

• Musculocuaneous nerve

• Common Peroneal Nerve

Multiple Choice

How many vertebrae do we have in the thoracic spine?

• 7

• 5

• 4

• 12

Multiple Choice

What is the natural curvature of the thoracic spine called?

• Lordosis

• Kyphosis

• Varus

• Scoliosis

Multiple Choice

What extra articulations do we have in the thoracic spine?

• Costovertebral and sacroilliac joints

• Atlantoaxial and costotransverse joints

• Atlantoaxial and sacroilliac joints

• Costovertebral and costotransverse joints

Multiple Select

For what reason is extension limited in the thoracic spine?

• The atlantoaxial joint gets in the way

• The inferiorly pointing spinous process get in the way

• There is only 2-5 degrees of movement at this joint

• The rib cage limits movement in the sagital plane

Multiple Choice

At which spinal level might you suspect a problem if a patient has unilateral myotomal weakness of knee extension?

• L3

• L4

• L5

• L1

Multiple Choice

At which spinal level might you suspect a problem if a patient has dermatomal loss of light touch sensation of the medial forearm?

• T1

• T2

• L1

• L2

Multiple Choice

You are observing Dr Gasser anaesthetise a patient prior to open rotator cuff repair surgery. She intends to perform a regional nerve block affecting the brachial plexus and asks you about the relevant anatomy.

Between which two muscles do the roots of the brachial plexus emerge?

• Anterior and middle scalene

• Pectoralis minor and major

• Sternocleidomastoid and anterior scalene

• Middle and posterior scalene

• Anterior and posterior scalene

Multiple Choice

Which nerve roots form the lumbar plexus?

• L1-L5

• L1-L4

• L2-L4

• L2-L5

• L2-L5

Multiple Choice

Which nerve roots form the sacral plexus?

• L1-L4

• L2-S1

• L4-S4

• L5-S4

• L1-S4

Multiple Choice

Please identify the highlighted structure:

• L5

• S1

• Sacrotuberous Ligament

• Sacrospinous Ligament

Multiple Choice

Please identify the highlighted structure:

• Lumbar Vertebrae

• Coccyx

• Sacrum

• T6

Multiple Choice

Please identify the highlighted structure:

• Lumbar Vertebrae

• Coccyx

• Sacrum

Multiple Choice

Please identify the highlighted structure

• L1

• L2

• L3

• L4

• L5

Multiple Choice

Identify the highlighted structure

• L1

• L2

• L3

• L4

• L5

Multiple Choice

shortness in what muscle could restrict the anterior tilting of the pelvis in a forward bend movement?

• Hamstrings

• Quadriceps

• TFL

• Gastrocnemius

Multiple Choice

Lower crossed syndrome:

Which two muscle (s) are likely to be short?

Which muscle group is likely to be inhibited/ lengthened?

• Hip flexors/ Erector spinae and abdominals/ gluteals

• Hip Extensors/ Erector spinae and Hip flexors and hamstrings

Multiple Choice

This vertebrae is the ____________.

• thoracic
• lumbar

Multiple Choice

How many true ribs are there?

• 2
• 3
• 7

Multiple Choice

How many false ribs are there?

• 2
• 3
• 7

Multiple Choice

How many floating ribs are there?

• 2
• 3
• 7

Multiple Choice

Which one below shows the correct order of the 5 spinal sections from top to bottom?

• cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, & coccygeal

• sacral, thoracic, lumbar, cervical, & coccygeal

• coccygeal, cervical, throacic, lumbar, & sacral

Multiple Choice

What is a common way to get a cervical vertebra fracture? 

• excessive rotation 
• axial loading 
• excessive flexion 
• direct impact to vertebra 

Multiple Choice

Which of the following vertebrae is considered the strongest and most massive?

• cervical
• thoracic
• lumbar
• sacral
• coccyx

Multiple Choice

Which of the following parts of the spine is considered the most mobile and vulnerable to a wide range of sports injuries?

• cervical
• thoracic
• lumbar
• sacral
• coccyx

Multiple Choice

This is usually identified by one-sided local pain, spasm, and stiffness in the low back

• Spondylolysis

• Spondylolisthesis

• Lumbar Ligament Sprain

• Lumbar Muscle Strain

Multiple Choice

This is usually identified by a pop in the back, (usually from lifting wrong) followed by center-line spinal pain.

• Lumbar Ligament Sprain

• Lumbar Muscle Strain

• Ankylosing Spondylitis

Multiple Choice

What causes a disc to bulge or herniate?

• The Nucleus Pulposis shifts toward the Annular Wall
• The entire disc slides off the vertebrae
• Bad posture, improper lifting, wear and tear, etc

Multiple Choice

This is due to a stress fracture in the pars portion of the vertebrae..

• Spondylitis
• Spondylolysis
• Spondylolisthesis
• Ankylosing Spondylitis

Multiple Choice

This is an exaggerated lateral curve.

• Kyphosis
• Scoliosis
• Lordosis

Multiple Choice

What injury is this portraying?

• Spondylolysis

• Spondyolisthesis

• Disc herniation

• Spinal cord pathology

Multiple Choice

What abnormal spinal curvature is portrayed in picture "A"

• Hyperkyphosis

• Hyperlordosis

• Scoliosis

• Sway Back

Multiple Choice

Sharp shooting pain or numbness and tingling running down the buttock and back of a single leg could be indicative of which pathologies?

• Disc herniation or piriformis syndrome

• cervical fracture & paralysis

• Spondylolysis

• Spinal lordosis

Multiple Choice

Vertebra slips forward on vertebra behind it 

• spondylolysis 
• spondylolisthesis 
• stinger 
• disk buldge 

Multiple Choice

Bone injury in the back often described as a stress fracture  

• stinger 
• spondylolysis 
• disk buldge
• lumbar sprain 

Multiple Choice

Which injury is a result of excessively arching your back? 

• spondylolysis 
• disk buldge
• cervical sprain 
• cervical strain 

Multiple Choice

The major muscle of back extension is the:

• Erector Spinae

• Latissimus Dorsi

• Trapezius

• Quadratus Lumborum

Multiple Choice

The most common mechanism for acute low back strain is:

• Extension with trunk rotation

• Flexion with trunk rotation

• Hyper flexion and rotation

• Sidebending and rotation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following tests for motor nerve innervation of specific regions of the body?

• Reflex testing

• Brachial plexus test

• Dermatomes

• Myotomes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an area of skin supplied by sensory axons of a single spinal nerve?

• Dermatome

• Myotome

• Brachial plexus

• Lumbar plexus

Multiple Choice

All of the following are muscles of the erector spinae EXCEPT:

• Iliocostalis

• Longissimus

• Spinalis

• Latissimus

Multiple Choice

Which injury/condition is shown?

• Disk Herniation

• Spondylolysis

• Vertebral Fracture

• Lordosis

Multiple Choice

How many pairs of cranial nerves & spinal nerves are there?

• 8 cranial, 24 spinal

• 12 spinal, 31 cranial

• 12 cranial, 31 spinal

• 8 spinal, 24 cranial

Multiple Choice

What injury is the slippage of a vertebrae out of place due to direct blow or sudden twist resulting from a complication from a defect in the connection between vertebrae?

• Sciatica

• Spondylolysis

• Spondylolisthesis

• Herniated Disk

Multiple Choice

Abnormal softening of the cartilage.

• Chondroma
• Chondromalacia
• Bursitis
• Sprain

Multiple Choice

An inflammation of the bursa around joint.

• Bursitis
• Arthrosclerosis
• Chondroma
• Synovitis

Multiple Choice

The inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint. This can be caused by arthritis, trauma or infection.

• Sprain
• Polymyalgia
• Dislocation
• Synovitis

Multiple Choice

The total displacement of a bone from its joint.

• Sublaxation
• Fracture
• Sprain
• Dislocation

Multiple Choice

The partial displacement of a bone from its joint

• Fracture
• Sprain
• Sublaxation
• Dislocation

Multiple Choice

Wear and tear arthritis, most commonly associated with aging

• Gouty Arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatica
• Osteoporosis

Multiple Choice

Deposits of uric acid in the joints which forms crystals in the joints. 

• Osteoarthritis
• Osteoporosis
• Gouty Arthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis

Multiple Choice

Commonly known as a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs are attacked, joints become swollen, painful and immobile.

• Osteoarthritis
• Osteoporosis
• Gouty Arthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis

Multiple Choice

Bamboo Spine

• Ankylosing Spondylitis

• Scleroderma

• Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Spina Bifida

Multiple Choice

A positive straight leg raise test suggests:

• Lumbar disc herniation
• Vertebral body compression fracture
• Complete sciatic nerve transection
• Ankylosing spondylitis

Multiple Choice

Which special test can be used to assess for shoulder impingement?

• Apprehension/ relocation test
• External rotation strength testing
• Speed's test
• Empty can test 

Multiple Choice

also known as degenerative joint disease

• gout
• ankylosing spondylitis
• osteoarthritis
• rheumatoid arthritis

Multiple Choice

-listhesis refers to

• softening
• forward slipping
• stenosis
• fusion

Multiple Choice

Which part of a joint does osteoarthritis usually affect?

• Bone

• Cartilage

• Tendon

Multiple Choice

RA is an autoimmune disease.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Chronic inflammatory joint disease of the

spine or sacroiliac joints, causing stiffening

and fusion of the joints

• Osteoarthritis

• Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Ankylosing Spondylitis

• Osteoporosis

Multiple Choice

Sacral plexus originates from which nerve roots?

• C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

• L4, L5, S1, S2, S3,S4

• T4, T5, T6, T7, T8

• S1, S2, S3, S4, S5

Multiple Choice

Lumbar plexus originates from which nerve roots?

• L2,L3,L4

• L4, L5, S1, S2, S3,S4

• L1,L2,L3,L4

• S1, S2, S3, S4, S5

Multiple Choice

Femoral nerve originates from which nerve roots?

• L2,L3,L4

• L4,L5,S1

• L1,L2,L3,L4

• S1, S2, S3, S4, S5

Multiple Choice

Sciatic nerve originates from which nerve roots?

• L2,L3,L4,L5,T1

• L4,L5,S1,S2

• L3,L4,L5,S1,S2,S3

• S1, S2, S3, S4, S5

Multiple Select

Superficial peroneal nerve innervates?

• Peroneals

• Tibialis Ant

• Extensors

Multiple Select

Deep peroneal nerve innervates?

• Peroneals

• Tibialis Ant

• Extensors

Multiple Choice

Which nerve is associated with hamstring pain?

• Sciatic Nerve

• Fermoral Nerve

• Common Perineal Nerve

• Tibial Nerve

Multiple Choice

Which nerve is associated with anterior thigh pain?

• Sciatic Nerve

• Posterior Tibial Nerve

• Femoral Nerve

• Common Perineal Nerve