1.4 Ocean Management Futures Review

1.4 Ocean Management Futures Review

Causes and consequences of increased demand of oceans, including minerals, oil and gas

Multiple Choice

​What has caused the increased demand for the ocean's abiotic resources?

• Exploiting abiotic resources is extremely profitable

• Population growth and Technological advancements

• Economic Development

• All of the above

Open Ended

State and explain 2 consequences of the increasing demand for abiotic resources [2+2]

Trends in biotic resource use (fish and mammals) and the viability of alternatives to overfishing, including aquaculture, conservation areas and quotas

​Trends *this is all in your textbook :)

• The world fisheries and aquaculture industries are huge!

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​- in 2012, over 136 million tonnes of fish caught commercially were used for people!

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​- Fish consumption is lowest in Africa and highest in Asia

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​- China is mainly responsible for the increase in world fish production

(7% to 20% from 1961 to 2010)

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​- NW Pacific and W central Pacific have the largest and still growing catches

​Next,

​some of you were a bit confused with the definition of fish stock.

​

​Please do not confuse fish stock with the following..

​Fish stock is a flavorful broth made from fish bones, heads, and other trimmings, that provides the base for many dishes

sorry not sorry for the super dad joke

​Fish stock...

"​usually refers to a particular fish population that is more or less isolated from other stocks of the same species. In a particular fishery, the fish stock may be one or several species."

​Types of fish stocks include (for example):

• ​salmon

• ​cod

• ​haddock

• ​trout

• ​tuna

Over time,

​Many fish stocks have declined.

​

​Cod is a very popular fish used for food that nearly went completely extinct due to overfishing. It was once common in the North Atlantic, but now Cod population is very low.

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​All of the world's fisheries are being overfished, or close to it.

​Cod is the traditional fish used for fish n chips!

​What methods are used in commercial fishing?

​Unfortunately however, methods that use nets trap bycatch - which is unwanted fish and other marine creatures

​​Also, fishing fleets now catch less predatory fish, like cod, and catch more smaller fish down the food chain.

​

Open Ended

State and explain 2 consequences of overfishing [2+2]

Open Ended

Once a fish stock is overfished it is VERY hard to recover.

Outline three strategies that can be implemented to tackle this problem

(quick! page 96 of your textbook!)

​Another issue is illegal fishing

​There is a new monitoring system developed by the Satellite Applications Catapult. It uses data from various sources to identify any vessels' identity, position and other information to nearby ships and coastal stations.

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​However, some commercial boat captains switch it off to not alert other [legal] vessels of profitable areas!!

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​Another option is a virtual watch room - where people can track vessels anywhere in the world - alerting ships when they enter prohibited waters and to slow down fishing speed.

Open Ended

Can anyone identify the irony in the development/advancement of technology in the fishing industry?

​Aquaculture - what is it?

Open Ended

Define aquaculture

Salmon is usually farmed...

​Why does this salmon look diseased.........?

Open Ended

Outline the effects of farming Salmon (5)

quick! page 99 in your textbook!

Strengths and weaknesses of initiatives to manage ocean pollution, including local and global strategies for radioactive materials, oil and plastic waste

​Millions of tonnes of pollution end up in the world's ocean every year

Open Ended

What kids of marine-based activities lead to pollution?

Open Ended

How did radioactive waste get into the Arctic?

Open Ended

Where is most of the plastic waste located? What it is commonly referred to?

Open Ended

What is the source of most of the plastic in the GPGP? 

Open Ended

Explain how plastic affects wildlife

The strategic value of oceans and sources in international conflict/insecurity, including the contested ownership and control of island, canals and transit choke points

• ​One contemporary geopolitical case study focusing on a contested ocean area

​Chinese expansion in the South China Sea

We had a look at this yesterday!

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​https://youtu.be/luTPMHC7zHY

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​If you were absent, please watch the video and answer the questions that go along with it. They are on Managebac.

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​You will need to know this case study. It is also in your textbook. :)

​Another fantastic source...

​https://www.thegeographeronline.net/4-ocean-management-futures.html

​The Geographer Online has tons of IB Geo resources - excellent for revising!