Science Final Material

Science Final Material

by hala essam

​What is discussed here?

​- Interactions among living things

​- Food Webs, Relationships, and Trophic Levels

​- Changes in an ecosystem

​- Energy Pyramids

​- Energy Transfer in Ecosystems

​- Relationships between Organisms

Interactions among living things​

​There are 3 major types of interactions among living things

1. ​Competition

2. ​Predation

3. ​Symbiosis

​Competition

​When organisms fight over certain things (like food, water, shelter, etc.)

​EX:

​Lions fighting over who gets to be king

​Two friends fighting over food

​

​Predation

​Predation is when a predator hunts for their prey, a.k.a their food.

​

Predator: Most likely a big strong animal, like a wolf, they are most likely carnivores

​

​Prey: Most likely a small animal, most of them are herbivores

​Predator and Prey comparison chart

​Symbiosis

Symbiosis is a relationship between 2 different species. There are 3 different types of symbiosis, let's check them out!

​

1. ​Mutualism

2. ​Commensalism

3. ​Parisitism

​Mutualism

​It's when both species are benefiting from the relationship

​

​Flowers and their pollinators (e. g. bees and hummingbirds gather nectar and spread pollen)

​Commensalism

​In this relationship, one organism is benefiting, the other is unharmed, probably doesn't even feel it.

​

​Small mammals or birds that live in holes in trees or orchids.

​Parasitism

This relationship only benefts one specie (the parasite). The other is harmed (the host).

​

​Mosquitos sucking blood from humans

​HOW EASY WAS THIS TOPIC?

Lets quiz on it.

Multiple Choice

Mutualism is when...

• one species gets harmed while the other benefi

• both species benefit

• both

• one specie benefits and the other is unharmed

Open Ended

Give me an example of competition

Multiple Choice

Which of these organisms can be considered a predator?

• Tree

• Goldfish

• Bear

• Rabbit

​Would you like to learn the keywords?

​Paste the following link into your web browser

​https://quizlet.com/_ac7f1s?x=1jqt&i=3zqiln

Food Webs, Relationships, and Trophic Levels

​Trophic Levels

​There are 4-5 trophic levels. Let's recite them

1. ​Producers (Organisms that make their own food, most likely plants)

2. Primary Consumers (They eat the Producers, they're most likely herbivores)

3. ​Secondary Consumers (They eat the Primary Consumers)

4. ​Tertiary Consumers (They eat the Primary & Secondary Consumers)

5. ​Quaternary Consumers (They eat the Primary, Secondary, & Tertiary Consumers, although they are rare, they exist, they don't exist in many food chains.)

​An example

​Paste this link into your browser to memorize the keywords and definitions

​https://quizlet.com/_ajrxxs?x=1jqt&i=3zqiln

​Changes in an Ecosystem