DISS Module 4

DISS Module 4

The Basic Concepts and Principles of the Major Social Science

Ideas

​What have we covered so far?

• ​The meaning of Social Science

• ​The disciplines of Social Science and its emergence

• ​The major Social Science ideas/theories

​Overview

​Social sciences also have theoretical foundations and ideological thrusts. That is why apart from the disciplines, the social sciences have what we call the dominant approaches and ideas that are present within the different disciplines. These are the roots of the discipline, or better yet, the very inspiration of the different social sciences.

​Objective:

​At the end of this module, you are expected to:

- Apply the social science ideas and their importance in examining socio-cultural, economic, and political conditions:

a. Psychoanalysis

b. Rational Choice

c. Institutionalism

d. Feminist Theory

e. Hermeneutical Phenomenology

f. Human-Environment Systems

​Let's Try!

Match column A with the correct answer on column B that shares the idea on their respective disciplines.

​Remember...

Psychoanalysis - associated to Psychology

​Rational Choice Theory - Economics

​Institutionalism - Political Science

Draw

Match column A with the correct answer on column B that shares the idea on their respective disciplines.

​Psychoanalysis

​- Sigmund Freud, Father of Psychoanalysis

​- Psychoanalysis' key concepts

​1. The view of Human Nature

​2. Structure of Personality

​3. Ego-Defense Mechanism

Multiple Choice

1. 1. Sally was thirsty. Rather than waiting for the server to refill her glass of water, she reached across the table and drank from Mr. Smith's water glass, much to his surprise.

• Id

• Ego

• Super Ego

Multiple Choice

1. 2. Mary really wanted to borrow her mom's necklace, but knew her mom would be angry if she took it without asking, so she asked her mom if she could wear it.

• Id

• Ego

• Super Ego

Multiple Choice

3. 3. Maggie couldn't remember the answer to test question #12, even though she had studied. Nate was the smartest kid in the class, and from where Maggie sat, she could see his answers if she turned her head slightly. When Mrs. Archer turned her back, Maggie almost cheated, but her conscience stopped her because she knew it was wrong. Instead, Maggie took a guess at the answer and then turned in her paper.

• Id

• Ego

• Super Ego

Multiple Choice

4. 4. The cashier only charged the couple for one meal even though they had eaten two. They could have gotten away with only paying for one, but they pointed out the cashier's mistake and offered to pay for both meals. They wanted to be honest and they knew that the restaurant owner and employees needed to make a living.

• Id

• Ego

• Super Ego

Multiple Choice

1. 5. Sally was thirsty. However, she knew that her server would be back soon to refill her water glass, so she waited until then to get a drink, even though she really just wanted to drink from Mr. Smith's glass.

• Id

• Ego

• Super Ego

Multiple Choice

1. 6. Bart was stuck in traffic. He just wanted his vehicle to move! Enraged at the situation, Bart pulled his car onto the shoulder and sped forward, not caring that he was clipping people's side mirrors as he tried to get ahead of the cars in front of him.

• Id

• Ego

• Super Ego

Multiple Choice

1. 7. Hillary was so sweaty after her workout that she wanted to change her clothes right there by the car. However, she knew the other people around her would not approve, so she waited until she was in the restroom to change.

• Id

• Ego

• Super Ego

Multiple Choice

1. 8. Sarah knew she could steal the supplies from work and no one would know about it. However, she knew that stealing was wrong, so she decided not to take anything even though she would probably never get caught.

• Id

• Ego

• Super Ego

Multiple Choice

1. 9. A hungry baby cried until he was fed.

• Id

• Ego

• Super Ego

Multiple Choice

1. 10. A toddler who wanted another helping of dessert whined incessantly until she was given another serving.

• Id

• Ego

• Super Ego

​Institutionalism

- Institutions are social structures

that have attained a high degree

of resilience.​

​- There are three important kinds of institutionalism:

​1. Old Institutionalism

​2. New Institutionalism

​3. Historical Institutionalism

​- can be either formal or informal

​Institutionalism

Institutional Actors -

​

​

They are the people who make decisions and who act in the name of the state – hence the more common term “actors” (Snyder et al. 1954).

​Feminist Theory

​- Charles Fourier was known to coin

the term feminisme.

​- The theory, Feminism, seeks to

understand the nature of gender inequality.

​- Gender inequality leads to gender oppression. This further elaborates how certain groups are privileged or disadvantaged because of gender.

​Hermeneutical Phenomenology

​- Hermeneutical phenomenology is a philosophy of and a method for interpreting human experiences as a means to understand the question of what it is to be human. This philosophy was developed by Martin Heidegger.

​- The phenomenological perspective tells us to remove our preconceived ideas to arrive at a pure description of our experiences. Hermeneutical phenomenology, on the other hand, similarly seeks truth in things as experienced in the world.

Human ​Environment Systems

- This dominant ideology began with the study of ecology, natural

science.​

​- There is no clear definition for the human-environment system, as it crosses multiple disciplines at once such as ecology, sociology, and environmental demographics.

​- Environmental sociology is typically defined as the sociological study of societal-environmental interactions. The primary thrust of this theory is that the two parties: humans and the environment are in a state of continuous interaction and integration.

​Progress Check

​Create an editorial cartoon that represents an idea on one of the dominant approaches discussed today. For example, ecology, economics, or even politics.

Draw

​Create an editorial cartoon that represents an idea on one of the dominant approaches discussed today. For example, ecology, economics, or even politics.

​Generalization/Take away

​The social sciences are not only composed of disciplines that showcase how it views and studies every facet of society. The disciplines prove how social science is applicable and practical, meaning that the social sciences are things that you can use every day to understand reality much better through these different dominant approaches and ideas which you have learned.

​Rational Choice Theory

- Part of economic theory as well as that of social theory.

​- social behavior and attitude is the result of individual actions and choices, where each bases his decision on rational considerations.

​- Cost - Benefit

​

Identify the cost and the benefit