IMRAD

IMRAD

by Restie Carullo

​IMRAD vs. Chapters 1-5

​I-Introduction

​M-Materials and Methods

​R-Results

​A-and

​D-Discussion

Chapter 1-The Problem

​Chapter 2-Review of related Literature

​Chapter 3-Methodology

​Chapter 4-Results

​Chapter 5-Conclusion

Multiple Choice

Which part of the research paper will you look to get the whole research in such a short notice?

• Introduction

• Materials and Methods

• Results and Discussion

• none of the choices

​Abstract

​-Problem

​-Objectives

​-Materials and Methods

​-Results and Discussion

Multiple Choice

Will Abstract be a part of the research paper that you have to submit for the proposal?

• Yes

• No

​Introduction

• ​It should be short and arresting and tell readers why the study has been undertaken.

• The structure should funnel down from broad perspective to a specific aim of the study.

• First paragraph should be a short story of the current knowledge of the attempted research area (to state “what we know” of the problem that was investigated). This should lead directly into the next paragraph.

• The next paragraph, summarizes what other people have done in that field, what limitations have been encountered to date, and what questions still need to be answered (to speculate “what we don’t know”)

​Introduction

• Last paragraph, which should clearly quote what was done and why (stating the aim of the study).

  The purpose of the introduction should be to supply sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand and evaluate the results of the present study without needing to refer to previous studies on the topic.

  Only those references that are essential to justify the proposed study should be cited. It is important to discard the scientifically weak studies and only draw evidence from the most rigorous, most relevant, and most valid studies.

Multiple Choice

The review of related literature has been imbeded in the Introduction of the IMRAD.

• True

• False

​Materials and Methods

• This section of the paper should describe, in logical sequence, how the study was designed and carried out, what material and method was used and how the data were analysed.

• The main purpose of this section is to describe precisely the experimental design and, consequently, provide enough detail so that an experiment could be repeated.

• For materials, the exact technical specifications and quantities, as well as the method of preparation, should be included. List pertinent chemical and physical properties of the reagents used.

​

​Materials and Methods

• ​Experimental animals or microorganisms should be identified accurately, usually by genus, species, or strain designations.

• Sources should be also listed and special characteristics (age, gender, genetic and physiological status) described.

• The exact form of treatment used has to be described in a way to allow replication.

• Methods should be described fully or an adequate reference to the method should be provided.

​Materials and Methods

​The material and method section usually has subheadings.

Sample:

Title: Microbial Load of E. coli in Blue Lemonade and Iced Tea Served at Rae’s Canteen in Aquinas University of Legazpi

METHODS

1. Gathering and Preparation of Materials Needed

2. Preparation of Serial Dilution

3. Collection of Samples

4. Preparation and Application of Streak and Pour Plate Method

​

Multiple Choice

Can students create their own method?

• Yes

• No

Methods should be valid and scientific thus proven.​

​You may use methods from previous studies BUT highlight what makes your study DIFFERENT from the other researches.

Make a draft of the research paper.​

Leader-tasking

Secretary-duties and names of member

Project coordinator will give an update next week.​