Vocabulary for IELTS - Lesson 11 - Design and innovation

Vocabulary for IELTS - Lesson 11 -

Design and innovation

​Building, engineering

by Ngọc Minh Nguyễn

Poll

1.1    Which adjectives best describe your home?

A:

• old

• traditional

• modern

Poll

1.1    Which adjectives best describe your home?

B:

concrete /ˈkɑːnkriːt/ brick steel timber

Poll

1.1    Which adjectives best describe your home?

C:

"single-storey" "two storey" "multi-storey/high rise"

​Vocabulary note

​If we use more than one adjective they are normally in the following order: opinion, size, age, shape, colour, origin, material, type: An ugly, old, brown, plastic shopping bag. However, more than four adjectives together can

sound awkward. NOT An ugly, big, old,rectangular, brown, Italian, plastic bag.

​String of adjectives

​QOpSAShCOMP

Quán ông Sáu, ăn súp cua Ông mập phì

Số lượng Quan điểm, Cỡ, Tuổi, Hình, Sắc, Gốc, Liệu, Mục đích

Quantity - Opinion – Size – Age – Shape – Color – Origin – Material – Purpose

Q: quantity (one, two, three)

Op: opinion(ý kiến/phê phán) (ugly, pretty, smart, cheap)

S: Size (bề lớn) (big, fat, thin, tall, large)

A: Age (tuổi) (new, modern, old, young)

Sh: Shape (hình thể) (fat, tall, short, square)

C: Colour ( màu sắc) (yellow, green, pink, white)

O: Origin (nguồn gốc) (American, English, Asian, Italian)

M: Material (chất liệu) (cotton, wood, plastic, glass, gold)

P: Purpose (mục đích) (sleeping bag, computer table, football field)

Fill in the Blanks

1.2 Complete the sentences using the words in brackets in the correct order.

1. It's a

 house. (brick, traditional)

Fill in the Blanks

1.2 Complete the sentences using the words in brackets in the correct order.

2 I live in a

 apartment. (high-rise, lovely)

Fill in the Blanks

1.2 Complete the sentences using the words in brackets in the correct order.

3. I'd rather live in a

cottage. (small, country)

Open Ended

1.3 Now make a similar sentence about your own home.

I live in .......................  but I'd rather live in ..............           

Fill in the Blanks

2.1 ^(R11a-1) Listen to three people describing their homes and complete the information below.

Type of building

Material(s) used

Favorite feature

SPEAKER A

Open Ended

2.1 ^(R11a-1) Listen on your own to three people describing their homes and complete the information below.

Adjectives used to describe it

SPEAKER A

Fill in the Blanks

2.1 ^(R11a-2) Listen to three people describing their homes and complete the information below.

Type of building

Material(s) used

Favorite feature

SPEAKER B

Open Ended

2.1 ^(R11a-2) Listen on your own to three people describing their homes and complete the information below.

Adjectives used to describe it

SPEAKER B

Fill in the Blanks

2.1 ^(R11a-3) Listen to three people describing their homes and complete the information below.

Type of building

Material(s) used

Favorite feature

SPEAKER C

Open Ended

2.1 ^(R11a-3) Listen on your own to three people describing their homes and complete the information below.

Adjectives used to describe it

SPEAKER C

Open Ended

2.1 ^(R11a-1) Listen again on your own and answer the questions. Include the words from the recording that give you your answers.

SPEAKER A

1 Where did the stone come from?

2 What makes the ceilings ornate?

3 Is the house large or small?

​2.1 - Speaker A - Answer key

​1.Where did the stone come from?

​the local quarry

2. What makes the ceilings ornate?

​(they are decorated with) pretty details

3. Is the house large or small?

​small (cozy)

​ornate (adj)

​/ɔːrˈneɪt/

​​covered with a lot of decoration, especially when this involves very small or complicated designs

Open Ended

2.1 ^(R11a-2) Listen again on your own and answer the questions. Include the words from the recording that give you your answers.

SPEAKER B

1. Is the computer system new or old? Why?

2. What makes the apartment functional?

3. Are the bedrooms large or small? Why?

4. Are the buildings around it tall?

​​2.1 - Speaker B - Answer key

​1. Is the computer system new or old? Why?

​new (state-of-the art).

2. What makes the apartment functional?

​It has a space to suit every purpose.

3. Are the bedrooms large or small? Why?

​small (cramped).

4. Are the buildings around it tall?

​no (his building towers over everything else).

​cramped (adj)

​/kræmpt/

​a cramped room, etc. does not have enough space for the people in it

Open Ended

2.1 ^(R11a-3) Listen again on your own and answer the questions. Include the words from the recording that give you your answers.

SPEAKER C

1. Is this house different from those around it? Why?

2. Which room does the speaker say is bright? Why?

3. What shape is the bottom of the staircase?

​​​2.1 - Speaker C - Answer key

​1. Is this house different from those around it? Why?

​no, it is conventional, typical.

2. Which room does the speaker say is bright? Why?

​the living room, it is light and airy.

3. What shape is the bottom of the staircase?

​curved.

​Error Warning!

​We say that you build a house /a hospital etc, NOT build a building. "Build up" is not used to talk about construction. It refers to increasing or developing something: He went to the gym to build up his muscles. We are trying to build up a relationship with a company in Japan. I had to build up the confidence to apply for the manager's job. NOT We need to build up a hospital.

​ENGINEERING

Fill in the Blanks

3.1   Scan the article and write which lines include these words.

invented       hoisted        hauling       platforms

Fill in the Blanks

3.1   Scan the article and write which lines include these words.

  storage       steel       "lift shaft"        tension

Fill in the Blanks

3.1   Scan the article and write which lines include these words.

  trigger       device         internal       frame

Fill in the Blanks

3.1   Scan the article and write which lines include these words.

  construction       skyscrapers         landmarks

Fill in the Blanks

3.2   Decide if the following statements are true or false. Write the words you have underlined that helped you.

1. Elisha Otis came up with the idea that made elevators safe for people.

Fill in the Blanks

3.2   Decide if the following statements are true or false. Write the words you have underlined that helped you.

2. Louis XV was lifted into the air by men pulling ropes.

​hoist (v/n)

​/hɔɪst/

​to raise or pull something up to a higher position, often using ropes or special equipment

Fill in the Blanks

3.2   Decide if the following statements are true or false. Write the words you have underlined that helped you.

3. Warehouses in Otis's time used boxes to move their goods to different levels.

​platform (n)

​/ˈplætfɔːrm/

a raised level surface, for example one that equipment stands on or is operated from

Fill in the Blanks

3.2   Decide if the following statements are true or false. Write the words you have underlined that helped you.

4. Otis's boss wanted to move beds to a higher level for delivery.

Fill in the Blanks

3.2   Decide if the following statements are true or false. Write the words you have underlined that helped you.

5. Otis made his springs out of plastic.

Fill in the Blanks

3.2   Decide if the following statements are true or false. Write the words you have underlined that helped you.

6. The ratchets were located on the inside of the lift.

​lift shaft (n)

​/ʃæft/

​a long, narrow passage that usually goes straight down in a building or underground, used especially for a lift or as a way of allowing air in or out

Fill in the Blanks

3.2   Decide if the following statements are true or false. Write the words you have underlined that helped you.

7. If a rope became slack this activated the contraption.

Fill in the Blanks

3.2   Decide if the following statements are true or false. Write the words you have underlined that helped you.

8.The US Assay Office building had its support structure on the outside.

Fill in the Blanks

3.2   Decide if the following statements are true or false. Write the words you have underlined that helped you.

9. The US Assay Office used a similar building technique to today's tall buildings.

Fill in the Blanks

3.2   Decide if the following statements are true or false. Write the words you have underlined that helped you.

10. The writer believes that skyscrapers can help you find your way around a city.

​landmark (n)

​/ˈlændmɑːrk/

​something, such as a large building, that you can see clearly from a distance and that will help you to know where you are

Multiple Choice

3.3. Match the verbs with the definitions

condemn

• build something on a piece of land

• build again

• repair and make new again

• knock down

• judge a building not to be safe keep in good condition

​condemn (v)

​/kənˈdem/

​to say officially that something is not safe enough to be used

Multiple Choice

3.3. Match the verbs with the definitions

demolish

• build something on a piece of land

• build again

• repair and make new again

• knock down

• judge a building not to be safe keep in good condition

Multiple Choice

3.3. Match the verbs with the definitions

develop

• build something on a piece of land

• invent

• live in or use a space

• knock down

• judge a building not to be safe keep in good condition

Multiple Choice

3.3. Match the verbs with the definitions

devise

• build something on a piece of land

• build again

• repair and make new again

• knock down

• invent

Multiple Choice

3.3. Match the verbs with the definitions

maintain

• invent

• build again

• repair and make new again

• knock down

• keep in good condition

Multiple Choice

3.3. Match the verbs with the definitions

occupy

• invent

• repair and make new again

• live in or use a space

• knock down

• keep in good condition

Multiple Choice

3.3. Match the verbs with the definitions

reconstruct

• build something on a piece of land

• build again

• repair and make new again

• knock down

• invent

Multiple Choice

3.3. Match the verbs with the definitions

renovate

• invent

• build again

• repair and make new again

• knock down

• keep in good condition

Multiple Choice

3.4 Choose the correct words.

1. We can't move into the house until they have developed/renovated it.

• developed

• renovated

Multiple Choice

3.4 Choose the correct words.

2. No one has been allowed to occupy the building since it was condemned / reconstructed.

• condemned

• reconstructed

Multiple Choice

3.4 Choose the correct words.

3. The architect devised/demolished a clever way of keeping the house cool in summer.

• devised

• demolished

Multiple Choice

3.4 Choose the correct words.

4. The tenants were offered a reduced rent if they agreed to maintain /occupy the property.

• maintain

• occupy

​tenant (n)

​/ˈtenənt/

​​a person who pays rent for the use of a room, building, land, etc. to the person who owns it

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Fill in the Blanks

3.6 Complete the text with words from 3.5.

A group of (1) i.......... architecture students has won this year's Timber Bridge Competition. The students' (2) d.......... beat 17 others. The team used an (3) i.......... approach to their bridge which was (4) b.......... entirely out of timber. They used traditional (5) c.......... methods to avoid using nails or screws. The students demonstrated a good knowledge of fundamental (6) e.......... principles. They (7) c.......... a working model of the bridge, which (8) o..........  an entire car park. This allowed them to test the bridge and ensure that the (9) s..........  was sound.

Fill in the Blanks

3.6 Complete the text with words from 3.5.

A group of (1) i.......... architecture students has won this year's Timber Bridge Competition. The students' (2) d.......... beat 17 others. The team used an (3) i.......... approach to their bridge which was (4) b.......... entirely out of timber. They used traditional (5) c.......... methods to avoid using nails or screws. The students demonstrated a good knowledge of fundamental (6) e.......... principles. They (7) c.......... a working model of the bridge, which (8) o..........  an entire car park. This allowed them to test the bridge and ensure that the (9) s..........  was sound.

Fill in the Blanks

3.6 Complete the text with words from 3.5.

A group of (1) i.......... architecture students has won this year's Timber Bridge Competition. The students' (2) d.......... beat 17 others. The team used an (3) i.......... approach to their bridge which was (4) b.......... entirely out of timber. They used traditional (5) c.......... methods to avoid using nails or screws. The students demonstrated a good knowledge of fundamental (6) e.......... principles. They (7) c.......... a working model of the bridge, which (8) o..........  an entire car park. This allowed them to test the bridge and ensure that the (9) s..........  was sound.

Fill in the Blanks

3.6 Complete the text with words from 3.5.

A group of (1) i.......... architecture students has won this year's Timber Bridge Competition. The students' (2) d.......... beat 17 others. The team used an (3) i.......... approach to their bridge which was (4) b.......... entirely out of timber. They used traditional (5) c.......... methods to avoid using nails or screws. The students demonstrated a good knowledge of fundamental (6) e.......... principles. They (7) c.......... a working model of the bridge, which (8) o..........  an entire car park. This allowed them to test the bridge and ensure that the (9) s..........  was sound.

Fill in the Blanks

3.6 Complete the text with words from 3.5.

A group of (1) i.......... architecture students has won this year's Timber Bridge Competition. The students' (2) d.......... beat 17 others. The team used an (3) i.......... approach to their bridge which was (4) b.......... entirely out of timber. They used traditional (5) c.......... methods to avoid using nails or screws. The students demonstrated a good knowledge of fundamental (6) e.......... principles. They (7) c.......... a working model of the bridge, which (8) o..........  an entire car park. This allowed them to test the bridge and ensure that the (9) s..........  was sound.

Fill in the Blanks

3.6 Complete the text with words from 3.5.

A group of (1) i.......... architecture students has won this year's Timber Bridge Competition. The students' (2) d.......... beat 17 others. The team used an (3) i.......... approach to their bridge which was (4) b.......... entirely out of timber. They used traditional (5) c.......... methods to avoid using nails or screws. The students demonstrated a good knowledge of fundamental (6) e.......... principles. They (7) c.......... a working model of the bridge, which (8) o..........  an entire car park. This allowed them to test the bridge and ensure that the (9) s..........  was sound.

Fill in the Blanks

3.6 Complete the text with words from 3.5.

A group of (1) i.......... architecture students has won this year's Timber Bridge Competition. The students' (2) d.......... beat 17 others. The team used an (3) i.......... approach to their bridge which was (4) b.......... entirely out of timber. They used traditional (5) c.......... methods to avoid using nails or screws. The students demonstrated a good knowledge of fundamental (6) e.......... principles. They (7) c.......... a working model of the bridge, which (8) o..........  an entire car park. This allowed them to test the bridge and ensure that the (9) s..........  was sound.

Fill in the Blanks

3.6 Complete the text with words from 3.5.

A group of (1) i.......... architecture students has won this year's Timber Bridge Competition. The students' (2) d.......... beat 17 others. The team used an (3) i.......... approach to their bridge which was (4) b.......... entirely out of timber. They used traditional (5) c.......... methods to avoid using nails or screws. The students demonstrated a good knowledge of fundamental (6) e.......... principles. They (7) c.......... a working model of the bridge, which (8) o..........  an entire car park. This allowed them to test the bridge and ensure that the (9) s..........  was sound.

Fill in the Blanks

3.6 Complete the text with words from 3.5.

A group of (1) i.......... architecture students has won this year's Timber Bridge Competition. The students' (2) d.......... beat 17 others. The team used an (3) i.......... approach to their bridge which was (4) b.......... entirely out of timber. They used traditional (5) c.......... methods to avoid using nails or screws. The students demonstrated a good knowledge of fundamental (6) e.......... principles. They (7) c.......... a working model of the bridge, which (8) o..........  an entire car park. This allowed them to test the bridge and ensure that the (9) s..........  was sound.