Unit 5 Review: Cognitive Psychology

Lesson 5A:
The Memory System

Multiple Choice

Which type of sensory memory works with visual stimuli?

• Short-Term memory

• Working memory

• Iconic Memory

• Echoic Memory

• Explicit Memory

Multiple Choice

Sherry easily remembers the telephone reservation number for Holiday Inns by using the mnemonic 1-800-HOLIDAY. She is using a memory aid known as

• the peg-word system.
• implicit memory.
• the serial position effect
• chunking

Lesson 5B:
Storing, Retrieving, and Forgetting Memories

Multiple Choice

Which of the following memories happen with conscious awareness?

• Implicit Memories
• Episodic Memories
• Procedural Memories
• Repressive Memories

Multiple Choice

Which brain part is responsible for facilitating explicit memories?

• brain stem
• cerebellum
• amygdala
• hippocampus

Multiple Choice

What concepts is visualized in this illustration?

• context potentiation

• long-term potentiation

• action potential

• refractory potential

Multiple Choice

If a person is unable to remember anything new moving forward from an injury, which type of amnesia are they experiencing?

• Anterograde

• Retrograde

• Infantile

• Iconic

• Echoic

Multiple Choice

Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called

• repressed memories.
• sensory memories
• mood-congruent memories
• flashbulb memories

Multiple Choice

Sunita is studying psychology and always starts at the beginning of her notebook and ends on the last page of notes. She has difficulty remembering the middle lessons. This is called:

• State-Dependent Learning

• Mood Congruent Memory

• Retrieval Failure

• Serial Position Effect

• Recall

Multiple Choice

Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve demonstrates the important of

• distributed practice

• state dependent learning

• context dependent learning

• chunking

Multiple Choice

If you watch a sequel to movie, and have trouble remembering if a character was in the first movie, you are experiencing...

• Repressive Memories
• Proactive Interference
• Retroactive Interference
• Memory Decay

Lesson 5C:
Memory Construction

Multiple Choice

Elizabeth Loftus did work related to 

• accurate memories being found during hypnosis
• Constructive memory processing
• Finding memory traces or engrams.
• Holding 7 bits of information in STM (+ or - 2)

Lesson 5D:
Problem-Solving

Multiple Choice

Our mental image that best represents a category is called a...

• Insight

• Heuristic

• Prototype

• Algorithm

• Retrieval

Multiple Choice

Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 

• functional fixedness.
• the availability heuristic.
• belief perseverance.
• the representativeness heuristic.

Multiple Choice

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 

• the availability heuristic.
• functional fixedness.
• an algorithm.
• the representativeness heuristic.

Lesson 5E:
Decision Making and Forming Judgments

Multiple Choice

Which type of problem solving strategy allows us to make an estimate on the likelihood of events based on how much that event matches a prototype?

• Intuition

• Insight

• Availability Heuristic

• Representativeness Heuristic

• Algorithm

Multiple Choice

Despite overwhelming and highly publicized evidence that Senator Smith was guilty of serious political corruption and misconduct, many who had supported her in past elections remained convinced of her political integrity. Their reaction best illustrates

• fixation.

• the representativeness heuristic.

• belief perseverance.

• the availability heuristic.

• the framing effect.

Multiple Choice

Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:

• framing.
• belief bias.
• representativeness heuristics.
• confirmation bias.

INTELLIGENCE LESSONS​

​

Multiple Choice

In English, it is appropriate to refer to “a pretty bird,” but not to “a bird pretty.”  This best illustrates the importance of:

• syntax.
• semantics.
• morphemes.
• phonemes.

Multiple Choice

The word snakes has how many morphemes?

• 1.

• 2.

• 3.

• 4.

• 5

Multiple Choice

Noam Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition holds that people have an inborn universal grammar that makes learning of language easy for children.  Which of the following statements is used as support for this theory?

• Children repeat words that they hear frequently.
• Regardless of the language learned, children tend to make similar errors of grammar when they first begin to learn language.
• Chimpanzees and other apes can easily learn language.
• Some children’s vocabularies are extensive, despite the fact that they may live in poor environments

LANGUAGE LESSONS​

​

Multiple Choice

Spearman argued that intelligence could be boiled down to one ability known as

• Spatial Intelligence
• Introverted Intelligence
• General Intelligence
• Extroverted Intelligence

Multiple Choice

Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is

• a standardized test.
• an aptitude test.
• an intelligence test.
• an achievement test.

Multiple Choice

Santos is 8 years old and, according to the Stanford-Binet, he has a mental age of 10. What is his IQ?

• 80
• 100
• 125
• 150

Multiple Choice

The characteristics of savant syndrome have been used to support

• Gardner's argument for multiple intelligences.

• Thurstone's notion of social intelligence.

• Binet's intelligence quotient formula.

• Spearman's belief in intelligence as one general ability, or g factor.

Multiple Choice

In a normal distribution for IQ, a score of 72 would fall within how many deviations of the mean?

• -2

• -1

• +1

• +2

Multiple Choice

The fact that identical twins' IQ scores are so close together (highly correlated) even when they are raised apart suggests

• intelligence is strongly genetic
• intelligence has a strong environmental component
• Identical twins attend better schools than fraternal twins
• Adopted parents have a positive effect on intelligence.

Multiple Choice

If a test is reliable, it means that

• it is given in the same way every time.
• it tests what it is suppose to test.
• it is a fair assessment.
• it yields consistent results.

Multiple Select

A science teacher creates an end-of-semester biology test for her students. The test includes all topics of biology that were taught to the students in the class. This demonstrates which concepts? (Select all that apply).

• validity

• reliability

• aptitude test

• achievement test

Multiple Choice

The Flynn effect is the finding that

• intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
• television has decreased intellectual performance.
• linguistic skills decline with age.
• the more times people take a test, the better they tend to score.

Multiple Choice

Fluid intelligence refers most directly to a person's

• ability to assume the perspective of others.

• ability to utilize diffuse brain regions for storing memories.

• accumulated knowledge.

• ability to reason speedily and abstractly.