Energy Review- Foldable Flaps

Energy Review- Foldable Flaps

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UMS Science 8

Have your Forces, Motion & Energy foldable out as you go through the slides, if you see this symbol ✏️ be sure to write it down!

What is Energy?

The word energy is used in many contexts, but what does it actually mean?

✏️ Scientists define energy as the ability to cause changes in matter. Changes in matter include changes in the motion of objects, physical changes such as changes of state, and chemical changes such as burning. Changes in matter can be observed in examples as simple as a wind-up toy or as complex as a crane lifting steel beams to construct a skyscraper. In both situations, the objects move because energy is added to them.

Bottom flap!

Multiple Choice

Where does the energy come from in this wind up toy?

• The heat from the air

• The person turns the gear and stores energy

• The sound waves from the drum

• magnets?

Forms of Energy

On the next 2 slides you will read about some of the different forms of energy, there are 9 total forms you need to put on your foldable for each one you should write the name and draw a small icon to help you remember each type.

Multiple Choice

How many forms of energy should you have on your foldable when done?

• 4

• 6

• 9

• 12

FORMS OF ENERGY:

✏️ In your foldable- add bullet points with the name of each form of energy (9 total) and a small image that represents each

FORMS OF ENERGY:

✏️ In your foldable- add bullet points with the name of each form of energy (9 total) and a small image that represents each

When you push a pencil or pick up a backpack, a force applied to an object results in

its movement over a distance. The amount of energy required to lift a heavy backpack

over a specific distance is much greater than the energy needed to push a pencil over

an equivalent distance. This energy can be scientifically measured in terms of work. In

science, ✏️ work is defined as the transfer of energy to an object by a force that causes the

object to move in the direction of that force. All energy can be used to do work on an

object. For example, the kinetic energy of your hand does work on a pencil to move it.

Transfer of Energy & Work

Bottom flap!

ENERGY is the ability to do WORK

WORK requires a transfer of ENERGY​

Work (W) can be calculated using the formula W = Fd, where F is the force applied

to the object and d is the distance the object moved. Force is in units of newtons (N), and

distance is in units of meters (m), so work is defined in units of newton-meters (N•m),

which are also known as joules (J). Note that if the object does not move, d = 0 and no

work is done. Just how much is a joule of work? To get an idea, lift an apple (which weighs

about 1 N) from your feet to your waist (which is about 1 m).

✏️ Color in the formula and add in units

​Formula and Units

Multiple Choice

Use W = F*d to solve, don't forget units.

• 15 J

• 60 J

• 80 N*m

• 90 J

Multiple Choice

Use W = F*d to solve, don't forget units.

• 20 J

• 60 J

• 200 N

• 10 J

Multiple Select

Use W = F*d to solve, don't forget units.

• 120 J

• 60 J

• 60 N*m

• 23 m

Law of Conservation

of Energy

Like matter, energy is conserved and is not created or destroyed. For this reason, you can track how energy moves through a system. Roller coaster cars can be treated as a system. The cars are lifted up a hill, which gives the system an input of potential energy. This potential energy then transforms into kinetic energy and back again to potential energy as the cars go down and up hills on the track. If no more energy is added to the system during the ride, you know that the cars will never be able to go higher than the peak of the first hill. The cars can go no higher because some energy is transformed into thermal and sound energy due to friction. This thermal and sound energy leaves the system of cars as an output. Although the energy leaves the system, the energy has not disappeared. Instead, it is transferred to objects outside of the system of cars.

Very Bottom of Bottom Flap!

​✏️ Energy is not created or destroyed, when energy is added or removed to a system, it is transferred from somewhere or transformed.

Kinetic and Potential Energy of Objects

​The energy in an object or system of objects may be either kinetic or potential energy, or both. For example, a falling apple has both kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy. The kinetic energy comes from the apple's motion through the air. The apple is moving, so it has kinetic energy. The apple also has mass and is above the ground, so it has gravitational potential energy. Even though the apple is currently falling, it has the potential to fall even farther. Thus, the apple has a mix of both kinetic and potential energy.

Equation:

✏️Be sure to add what each symbol means under the equation- and don'​t forget to color!

Definition: the energy an object has due to its ✏️ motion.

​Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy - anytime an object is moving it has kinetic energy, the faster it goes, the more energy it has. Look at the equation, as velocity (speed) increases, so will the KE.

✏️ Graph the data from the gif (you don't need to label the axes, just the general shape of the line)

Do this on the Mass vs. KE graph on the top flap

​Mass (kg)	KE (kg*m/s2)​
​0	​0
1​	4.5​
2​	9​
3​	13.5​
4​	18​
5​	22.5​

✏️ Graph the data from the gif (you don't need to label the axes, just the general shape of the line)

This is the KE vs Velocity graph

​Velocity (m/s)↓	KE (kg*m/s2)
​0	​0
1​	1.5
2​	6
3​	13.5
4​	24
5​	37.5

Multiple Choice

Which shows a linear relationship?

Multiple Choice

Your lab group is trying to design a race car that has the most kinetic energy, which student's proposal will increase the kinetic energy most?

• Dwight says that you need to add mass from 4 kg to 5 kg, velocity doesn't matter, only mass will have an effect on KE

• Michael says you need to increase the velocity and keep the mass from 4 m/s to 5 m/s, velocity will affect KE more than mass.

• Kelly says that you need to decrease mass from 4 kg to 3 kg so you will go faster, from 4 m/s to 4.5 m/s

Though these graphs look like the mass and velocity both get to the same point, the velocity goes to 40 J. So increasing the velocity will grow double, quadrupled and much more as you increase even further. Meaning you'd much rather get hit by a slow car than a fast one!!!

✏️ Mass and KE have a linear relationship while
velocity and KE have a quadratic (velocity is squared), so increasing velocity will create
more KE than increasing mass by the same amount.

Equation:

✏️Be sure to add what each symbol means under the equation- and don'​t forget to color!

Definition:

​Potential Energy

Potential energy - think of it as the potential to cause change, usually we discuss gravitational potential energy which you find by using the gravitational acceleration constant 9.8 m/s²

​ ✏️ the stored energy an object has based on its position within a system, its condition, or chemical composition.

Use the animation to show how the energy is transferred between kinetic and potential energy on the rollercoaster. Color the bars to show different amounts of KE and PE as the coaster changes position and speed. The first one is done as an example:

Bottom flap!

All done with the energy flap of your foldable!


The secret code to check your work on the foldable website is: volleyball