PTA 110 Module 5 Pre Class Assignment

PTA 110 Module 5 Pre Class Assignment

By Professor Rhonda White

Objectives​

​

1. Recognize the role of the physical therapist assistant in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of cardiovascular pathology.

2. Recognize gender differences in cardiac physiology and pathology.

3. Recognize common cardiovascular pathologies and physical signs and symptoms of worsening cardiovascular status.

4. Recognize sternal precautions that may affect types of therapeutic activity included or excluded from postoperative cardiac plan of care.

Open Ended

Share ONE cardinal symptom of cardiac disease.

Multiple Choice

Chest pain of systemic origin may be cardiac or noncardiac and may radiate to the neck, jaw, upper trapezius, upper back, shoulder, or arms (most commonly the left arm in the pattern of the ulnar nerve.)

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Chest pain or discomfort described as pressure, squeezing, or tightness occurring when a heart muscle does not get enough oxygen is:

• Angina

• Dyspnea

• Diaphoresis

• Cyanosis

Fill in the Blank

___________the presence of an irregular, fast, or “extra” heartbeat, may also be referred to as arrhythmias or dysrhythmias, which may result from relatively benign causes such as MVP, caffeine, anxiety, exercise, or athlete’s heart (an increase in left ventricular mass as a result of intensive training)172 or a severe condition such as CAD, cardiomyopathy, complete heart block, ventricular aneurysm, atrioventricular valve disease, or mitral or aortic stenosis.

Multiple Choice

Dyspnea is breathlessness or shortness of breath

• TRUE

• FALSE

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Fill in the Blank

_________ is the sudden, unexplained episodes of shortness of breath, awakens a person sleeping in a supine position, because the amount of blood returning to the heart and lungs from the lower extremities increases in this position.

Multiple Choice

Cardiac syncope (fainting or, in a milder form, light-headedness) can be caused by reduced oxygen to the brain when the heart’s pumping ability becomes compromised.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Peripheral edema is the hallmark of left ventricular failure.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Open Ended

Define claudication

Multiple Choice

As a general guideline, the physical therapist assistant monitors the unstable cardiac client during initial exercise to keep intensity lower than the threshold at which cardiac symptoms appear.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Age is the greatest risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Open Ended

Describe the Frank-Starling Law.

Multiple Choice

Right ventricular mass increases with age in healthy women but remains constant in men.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

CAD is the single leading cause of death and a significant cause of morbidity among women in the United States.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Open Ended

What is decision delay and why do you think more women suffer from it hand men in regard to seeking help for heart disease?

Open Ended

What is "White Coat Hypertension?"

Multiple Choice

Which of the two types of cholesterol is responsible for carrying cholesterol to the cells and is considered bad cholesterol

• HDL

• LDL

Fill in the Blank

Smoking is considered a ________ risk factor for which intervention has been shown to reduce the incidence of CAD? (modifiable or nonmodifiable)

Open Ended

share ONE nonmodifiable risk factor CAD.

Multiple Choice

What is the CDC recommended amount of exercise:_____ minutes on most days of the week

• 15

• 25

• 30

• 45

Fill in the Blank

Medications known as_______are now available and have been proven effective not only in lowering LDL levels and raising HDL levels but also in reducing cardiac events (primary and secondary prevention of MI). However, caution has to be exercised when a combination of drugs is used.

Open Ended

Define "Angioplasty"

Fill in the Blank

Alternative or __________, sometimes referred to as mind–body therapy, and its effects on heart disease, blood pressure, lipid levels, morbidity, and mortality are under investigation.

Multiple Choice

Adrenergic Blockers are used

• To alter conduction patterns in the heart

• To vasoconstrict arterioles by blocking the effects of angiotensin II, enhance renal clearance of sodium and water

• To treat high blood pressure and heart failure; prevent constriction of blood vessels and retention of sodium and fluid, improve sympathetic heart rate response during exercise in the early phase of MI to prevent heart failure

• To lower blood pressure by dilating peripheral blood vessels, reducing peripheral resistance

Multiple Choice

All of the following are side effects associated with cardiovascular medications requiring adjustments to PT interventions EXCEPT:

• Orthostatic hypotension

• Dizziness with position change

• Fluid retention

• Tachycardia

Open Ended

Share ONE sternal precaution to be mindful of after cardiac surgery?

Open Ended

Share ONE contraindication to exercise after myocardial infarction.

Fill in the Blank

The image is a picture of _______

Poll

A PTA is using the Borg perceived exertion scale with a patient during exercise. The patient reports a score of 4 on the scale. What should the PTA do next?

• Stop the treatment because the exercise is too hard

• Continue with the activity at the same intensity

• Call the PTA and ask for a modification in the treatment plan

• Progress the activity because it is way too easy.

Fill in the Blank

Referred pain from the external oblique abdominal muscle and the pectoral major muscle can cause the sensation referred to as _______ in the anterior chest wall, which mimics angina.

Fill in the Blank

An is __________a disturbance of heart rate or rhythm caused by an abnormal rate of electrical impulse generation by the SA node or the abnormal conduction of impulses.

Open Ended

Share the difference between bradycardia and tachycardia

Fill in the Blank

______ is a narrowing or constriction that prevents the valve from opening fully and may be caused by scars or abnormal deposits on the leaflets.

Fill in the Blank

MVP has been described as a common disease with frequent complications. There is some dispute about the incidence of MVP. According to data from the Framingham Heart Study, MVP is not as prevalent as previously reported. MVP stands for________

Multiple Choice

Exercise testing for most people with valvular disease is of limited value. For example, there is poor correlation between the degree of mitral stenosis and the duration of symptom-limited treadmill exercise.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Open Ended

Define endocarditis

Multiple Choice

The most common types of pericarditis encountered by the PTA will be drug induced or those present in association with autoimmune diseases, after MI, in conjunction with renal failure, after open heart surgery, and after radiation therapy.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Open Ended

Share ONE treatment for pericardial diseases

Fill in the Blank

An _______ is an abnormal stretching (dilation) in the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart with a diameter that is at least 50% greater than normal.

Multiple Choice

Vasculitis can involve blood vessels of any size, type, or location and can affect any organ system, including the nervous system; classification is usually according to the size of the predominant vessels involved.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Open Ended

Share ONE sign or symptom of arterial insufficiency

Multiple Choice

All of the following are risk factors for venous thrombosis EXCEPT

• Prolonged air travel

• cardiac failure

• oral contraceptives

• Excessive weight loss

Multiple Choice

The most common manifestations of cardiotoxicity are cardiac arrhythmias or acute or chronic pericarditis.

• TRUE

• FALSE