Microbiology intro

INTRODUCTION TO

Microbiology

By Sam Han

Multiple Select

Which of the following do you think is NOT true about bacteria?

• All bacteria are harmful.

• All bacteria are prokaryotes.

• Bacteria and Viruses have the same anatomy.

• All bacteria are made of only 1 cell.

​Microbiology is the study of microbes, which include archaea, bacteria, viruses, protists, and ​other unicellular eukaryotes.

Multiple Choice

According to the classification levels of taxonomy, which of the following is NOT a DOMAIN?

• Bacteria

• Protista

• Archaea

• Eukarya

1. Decomposition

2. Aids in Digestion of food

3. Plays role in nitrogen cycle

4. Used in making food/medicine

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bENEFITS OF BACTERIA

​​HARMFUL EFFECTS OF BACTERIA

1. Spoil food

2. Produce harmful or damaging toxins

3. Cause shortage of oxygen in lakes when “blooms” occur

4. Cause diseases

1. Coccus- circular

2. Spirilla- spiral

3. Bacillus- rod shaped

SHAPES of BACTERIA

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Bacteria are named by how they are grouped together and use these prefixes:

1. DIPLO- 2x

2. STREPTO- string

3. STAPHYLO- cluster

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Most bacteria like to group together in special arrangements.

Arrangements for bacteria

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Multiple Choice

What is the shape and arrangement for a bacteria called Diplobacilli?

• 2 round shaped bacteria

• cluster of circular bacteria

• 2 rod-shaped bacteria

• string of rod-shaped bacteria

Multiple Choice

What is the shape and arrangement for the bacteria called Streptococcus pneumonia?

• string of spiral shaped bacteria

• string of circular shaped bacteria

• spiral and circular bacteria cluster

• pair of rod-shaped bacteria

Multiple Choice

What is the shape and arrangement for the bacteria called Staphylococcus epidermidis ?

• cluster of spiral shaped bacteria

• string of circular shaped bacteria

• cluster of circular bacteria

• pair of rod-shaped bacteria

Multiple Choice

What is the shape of the bacteria called Spirillum minus ?

• spiral shaped bacteria

• string of circular shaped bacteria

• cluster of spiral bacteria

• pair of rod-shaped bacteria

Multiple Choice

What is the shape of the bacteria called Bacillus anthracis ?

• spiral shaped bacteria

• circular shaped bacteria

• pair of rod-shaped bacteria

Multiple Choice

What is the name for the shape of this pathogenic bacteria called Escherichia coli?

• bacillus

• coccus

• spirillum

Multiple Choice

What is the name for the shape of this bacteria that causes food poisoning called Staphylococcus aureus?

• bacillus

• coccus

• spirillum

Multiple Choice

What is the name for the shape of this infectious bacteria called Leptospira?

• bacillus

• coccus

• spirillum

STRUCTURAL FEATURES

OF BACTERIA

1. PROKARYOTIC CELL

   1. NO TRUE NUCLEUS

2. UNIQUE DNA ​

   1. MAIN ​CIRCULAR STRAND in nucleoid region

   2. SMALL PLASMIDS that contain a few genes

MICROBIOLOGY

​3. THREE CELL BOUNDARIES

• STICKY CAPSULE

• CELL WALL

• CELL MEMBRANE

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT true about the DNA found in bacteria?

• circular strand

• located in nucleoid region

• contained in nucleus

• found in plamids

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a cell boundary for bacteria?

• cell wall

• pilius

• cell membrane

• capsule

During unfavorable growth conditions, bacteria forms an ENDOSPORE to protect its nucleoid region.

• The DNA is protected with a multi-layered hard covering so that the bacteria can enter a dormant state.​

• When King Tutankhamen's tomb was opened, many people at the site became sick. It was believed to be a result of King Tut's curse.

  • Scientists speculated that endospores which had been buried for 3000 years became viable.

endospores

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Multiple Choice

What is NOT true about endospores?

• A dormant form of bacteria

• Develops when growth conditions are poor

• Allows for survival

• Can only occur in tombs