2.4.9 L1 G12 Urbanisation - Population and Processes

2.4.9 L1 G12

Urbanisation -

Population and Processes

By Liz Anderson

Multiple Choice

Do people move into urban areas for push or pull factors.

• Push

• Pull

​Remember

Open Ended

Why does urbanisation occur?

​Lesson Objectives

​What is a World City

​A world city is a city that has political and financial influence over the whole world. Most are in the developed world but some, including Dubai, are in emerging economies.

Multiple Select

What sort of influence does a world city have over the rest of the world? There is more than one answer

• Financial

• Emotional

• Political

• Strategic

​The problems associated with urbanisation are: high population density, inadequate infrastructure, lack of affordable housing, flooding, pollution, slum creation, crime, congestion and poverty. This problem of high population density is caused due to the heavy rate of migration from rural areas.

Open Ended

Write three things that are problems associated with urbanisation.

Multiple Select

Why did urbanisation rise less in developed countries since 1945?

There is more than one answer.

• Many people were already in urban areas in 1945

• There were not enough houses so people had no where to live in urban areas

• Urbanisation started earlier in the developed world

• Even though some people were moving into the city, there were also a similar amount leaving the cities

Urbanisation​

Sub - Urbanisation​

Counter - Urbanisation​

Urban Resurgence​

​1. Urbanisation

​This is the growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas.

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It normally happens because of migration, especially rural-urban migration, and natural increase, when birth rate is higher than the death rate. People often migrate to cities for better access to schools and healthcare, and because there are more employment opportunities.. Many migrants are young adults and if they have children the population increases further.

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In developing countries, urbanisation can result in shantytowns: unplanned and often illegal settlements made out of any material available for construction.

Open Ended

What are the two things that help urbanisation?

​2. Sub - Urbanisation

​This is the migration of people from city centres to the fringes of cities. As urbanisation increases, city centres become overcrowded and people want more space.

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Improvements to transport links mean people can live further away and commute to work. Many people choose to move to the suburbs when they have children or retire.

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A complex pattern of wealthy and poorer areas develops. Wealthier middle-class people may move to the suburbs where there is a better quality of life. Those left behind are poorer and may include foreign immigrants. This can lead to economic and ethnic segregation.

Open Ended

What is sub-urbanisation?

Write a quick sentence in your own words.

​3. Counter - Urbanisation

This is the movement of people out of the city into nearby villages and rural areas.

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Improvements in transport mean people can commute to work and better communication such as Internet access enables people to work from home.

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People leave city life behind because of high property prices and overcrowding. Some people may just prefer quieter countryside locations.

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Counter urbanisation can result in new housing estate being built in rural areas. House prices may increase, meaning that some local people, especially younger generations, are unable to afford to live there. It can change the age structure of an area as the average age may increase.

Multiple Choice

What is counter - urbanisation?

• Moving into the urban areas

• Moving from the city to the countryside

• When geographers count data in terms of urbanisation

Open Ended

Why does counter-urbanisation happen?

Write at least ONE reason.

​4. Urban Resurgence

This is the movement of people back to the city centre. People may choose to move back to city centres because of a lack of jobs in rural or suburban areas. People are also attracted by new developments, such as high-quality housing.

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Urban resurgence is common in many post-industrial countries, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States.

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New shops and services may open in the city as people move back, benefiting the local economy and creating jobs. However, the original residents may not be able to afford to live in the area any longer, and may be forced to move to more affordable locations

​Megacities

• ​Urbanisation has resulted in the emergence of megacities.

• Population growth in urban areas has increased the number of large cities across the planet.

• A megacity is an urban area with over 10 million people living there.

For example, Istanbul, Turkey and Seoul, South Korea.

• In 1950 there were only two megacities, Tokyo and New York. By 2014, there were 28 megacities and this is predicted to rise to 41 by 2030.

• More than 66% of megacities are in developing countries.

For example Lagos, Nigeria.

Multiple Choice

How many people need to live in a city for it to be considered a megacity?

• Minimum 5 million

• Minimum 10 million

• Minimum 15 million

• Minimum 20 million