EID 3.1 Investigating Trait Distribution

EID 3.1 Investigating Trait Distribution

By: Ms. Bailey*

​Lesson Objective:

​KWBAT use data from histograms and diagrams to identify changes in traits that have occurred over several generations through natural selection.

​TEKs:

​ TEKS: 7.11(C)  identify some changes in genetic traits that have occurred over several generations through natural selection and selective breeding such as the Galapagos Medium Ground Finch (Geospiza  fortis) or domestic animals and hybrid plants.

8.11(B)  explore how short‐and long‐term environmental changes affect organisms  and traits in subsequent populations

​What you will learn today:

​Organisms possess adaptations that enable them to survive and successfully reproduce

• Environmental changes can affect the ability of an organism or species to survive.

• Genetic variation exist within populations, the organisms that have the traits most beneficial for survival will reproduce and pass those genet to the next generation

​Lesson Vocabulary

​1. Variation: number of traits in a population

2. Histogram: a graph that shows the variation and distribution of traits in a population

3. Distribution: number of individuals with each trait in a population

4. Environment: everything (biotic and abiotic) that surrounds an organism

5. Adaptive trait: a trait that makes it more likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment and reproduce

6. Non-adaptive trait: a trait that makes it less likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment and reproduce

7. Natural selection: the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more offspring

Multiple Choice

variation

• number of traits in a population

• number of organisms in a population

• number of characteristics in a population

Multiple Choice

Histogram

• a graph that shows the variation and distribution of traits in a population

• a graph that shows the distribution of traits in a population

• a graph that shows the variation of traits in a population

Multiple Choice

Distribution

• number of individuals with each trait in a population

• type of individuals with each trait in a population

• number of individuals with in a population

Multiple Choice

Environment

• everything (biotic and abiotic) that surrounds an organism

• everything (biotic) that surrounds an organism

• everything (abiotic) that surrounds an organism

• everything (biotic and abiotic) that lives on an organism

Multiple Choice

Adaptive Trait

• a trait that makes it more likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment and reproduce

• a trait that makes it less likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment and reproduce

• a trait that makes it more likely that an individual will die in a specific environment and reproduce

• a trait that makes it more likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment

Multiple Choice

Non-adaptive trait

• a trait that makes it less likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment and reproduce

• a trait that makes it more likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment and reproduce

• a trait that makes it less likely that an individual will die in a specific environment and reproduce

• a trait that makes it less likely that an individual will survive and reproduce

Multiple Choice

Natural selection

• the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more offspring

• the process where organisms less adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more offspring

• the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to die and reproduce more offspring

• the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce less offspring

​Welcome back Biologists!  We’ve learned that individuals in a population have different traits due to the inheritance of genes.  Depending on the gene combination that is passed from parent to offspring, individuals have different traits for the same feature.  Because of this, we can say that a population of individuals has variation.  In Chapter 3, we’re going to look at how traits in a population can change over time to explain why the rough-skinned newt became more poisonous.

​Today we’ll be analyzing a diagram called a diagram called a histogram.  We are going to watch a video and answer this question:

​

1. Based on the video, what is a histogram and why is it useful to use to examine trait variation in a population?

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Open Ended

Based on the video, what is a histogram and why is it useful to use to examine trait variation in a population?

SS: A histogram is___. It is useful for scientists because____.

​Possible Answer:

​

A histogram is a graph that helps scientists sort items or organisms by specific traits. A histogram helps scientists because it allows them to quickly sort information and easily identify trends within a set of data.

​

Open Ended

An area that is usually cold with snow becomes warmer. It no longer has snow on the ground and develops fields of green grass and plants. The diagram below shows a population of field mice that live in this area once it has become warmer.

Due to the environmental changes, which diagram most likely represents the features of the field mice over the next two generations?

SS: The next two generations would most likely be choice__ because____.

​Possible Answer:

​

The next two generations would most likely be choice D. I believe this because if there is less snow on the ground, it makes it harder for the white mice to camouflage themselves, therefor becoming prey and extinct faster. ​

​Find a partner, and be ready to read out loud!

​

Open Ended

Make a Prediction!  If a drought were to occur on one of the Galapagos islands, which would cause a decrease in the size and number of seeds, what would happen to the beak size of the finch population overtime?  Why?

In 1982 on the Island of Daphne, the medium ground finches (birds with medium-sized beaks) already inhabited the island until newly arrived large ground finches (birds with large-sized beaks) migrated to the island.  The large ground finches outcompeted the medium ground finches because of the larger and stronger beaks. Below is the distribution of beak size in the finch population on Daphne before 1982:​

​

Multiple Choice

The diagram to the right shows variations of Galápagos Island finches that formed over many generations.

What most likely caused the variations in these finches?

• The number of mates on the islands

• The available water on the islands

• The available food sources on the islands

• The temperatures on the islands

Multiple Choice

Over time, the food supply for birds on an isolated island has changed. The supply of insects, small tender seeds, and vegetation has shrunk. The supply of tough, large, hard seeds has remained unchanged. Over several generations, changes in genetic traits of birds' beaks have occurred. Which beak is most likely to improve the survival rate of the birds?

Multiple Choice

A population of finches held a variation in beak sizes. Finches with larger beaks ate larger seeds while finches with smaller beaks ate smaller seeds. A drought occurred that left only small seeds in the environment.  Which statement best explains what happened to the distribution of beak size over time?

• The population of finches changed to have more individuals with larger beaks because they were better suited to eat small seeds, therefore they  survived and reproduced to pass their large beak trait on to their offspring.

• The population of finches changed to have more individuals with larger beaks because they were better suited to eat large seeds, therefore they  survived and reproduced to pass their large beak trait on to their offspring.

• The population of finches changed to have more individuals with smaller beaks because they were suited to eat small seeds, therefore they survived and reproduced to pass their small beak trait on to their offspring.

• The population of finches changed to have more individuals with smaller beaks because they were suited  to large seeds, therefore they  survived and reproduced to pass their small beak trait on to their offspring.

PROPER POSITIONS PLEASE!

EXIT TICKET TIME.

ANY QUESTIONS? ​

​

Multiple Choice

variation

• number of traits in a population

• number of organisms in a population

• number of characteristics in a population

Multiple Choice

The picture shows 14 species of finches from the Galapagos Islands that likely descended from a single species. Use the picture to answer any questions that follow. What factor most probably influenced the basic change in the species of finches that developed on the isolated Galapagos Islands?

• TYPES OF FOOD

• TYPE OF CLIMATE

• AVAILABLE NESTING MATERIALS

• AVAILABLE SOURCES OF WATER

Multiple Choice

Histogram

• a graph that shows the variation and distribution of traits in a population

• a graph that shows the distribution of traits in a population

• a graph that shows the variation of traits in a population

Multiple Choice

The diagram displays historical changes in the foot of a species of bird.

To which type of environment did the bird's foot most likely adapt?

• Aquatic

• Mountainous

• Low temperature

• High temperature

Multiple Choice

Environment

• everything (biotic and abiotic) that surrounds an organism

• everything (biotic) that surrounds an organism

• everything (abiotic) that surrounds an organism

• everything (biotic and abiotic) that lives on an organism

Multiple Choice

Distribution

• number of individuals with each trait in a population

• type of individuals with each trait in a population

• number of individuals with in a population

Multiple Choice

Natural selection

• the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more offspring

• the process where organisms less adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more offspring

• the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to die and reproduce more offspring

• the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce less offspring

Multiple Choice

Naturalist Charles Darwin discovered fourteen different types of finches living on the Galapagos Islands. These types included the large ground finch and the medium ground finch. Darwin noted that the shape of the birds' beaks corresponded to the type of food they ate. Shorter, thicker beaks were better for picking up and eating nuts or seeds, while thinner beaks were better for capturing and eating live prey. Based on Darwin's observation, which finch shown below was naturally selected to most easily eat insects?

Multiple Choice

Adaptive Trait

• a trait that makes it more likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment and reproduce

• a trait that makes it less likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment and reproduce

• a trait that makes it more likely that an individual will die in a specific environment and reproduce

• a trait that makes it more likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment

Multiple Choice

Non-adaptive trait

• a trait that makes it less likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment and reproduce

• a trait that makes it more likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment and reproduce

• a trait that makes it less likely that an individual will die in a specific environment and reproduce

• a trait that makes it less likely that an individual will survive and reproduce

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