Run-ons
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English
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Marina Khann
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19 Slides • 45 Questions
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Run-ons
By Marina Khann
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Example:
Rosa decided to stop smoking, she didn't want to die of lung cancer.
The exam was postponed, the class was canceled as well.
comma splices
Example:
Rosa decided to stop smoking she didn't want to die of lung cancer.
The exam was postponed the class was canceled as well.
Fused sentences
A run-on is two complete thoughts that are run together with no adequate sign given to mark the break between them. As a result of the run-on, the reader is confused, unsure of where one thought ends and the next one begins. Two types of run-ons are fused sentences and comma splices.
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Correcting Run-Ons
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(1. 1) Correct the run-on by putting a period at the end of the first thought and a capital letter at the start of the second thought.
Rewrite the sentence.
EXAMPLE:
Gary was not a success at his job. his mouth moved faster than his hands.
Gary was not a success at his job. His mouth moved faster than his hands.
Method 1: Period and a Capital Letter
Practice 1. 1
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Open Ended
Correct the run-on by putting a period at the end of the first thought and a capital letter at the start of the second thought.
Rewrite the sentences.
1. Gerald's motorized wheelchair broke down he was unable to go to class.
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Open Ended
Correct the run-on by putting a period at the end of the first thought and a capital letter at the start of the second thought.
Rewrite the sentences.
2. The subway train hurtled through the station a blur of spray paint and
graffiti flashed in front of my eyes.
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Open Ended
Correct the run-on by putting a period at the end of the first thought and a capital letter at the start of the second thought.
Rewrite the sentences.
3. Jenny panicked the car had stalled on a treacherous traffic circle.
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Open Ended
Correct the run-on by putting a period at the end of the first thought and a capital letter at the start of the second thought.
Rewrite the sentence.
4. Half the class flunked the exam the other half of the students were absent.
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Open Ended
Correct the run-on by putting a period at the end of the first thought and a capital letter at the start of the second thought.
Rewrite the sentences.
5. One reason for the high cost of new furniture is the cost of good wood one
walnut tree sold recently for $40,000.
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Open Ended
Correct the run-on by putting a period at the end of the first thought and a capital letter at the start of the second thought.
Rewrite the sentences.
6. I wish Carl wouldn't fall asleep in class, his snoring drowns out the lecture.
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Open Ended
Correct the run-on by putting a period at the end of the first thought and a capital letter at the start of the second thought.
Rewrite the sentences.
7. The crime rate in this country is increasing, every eight seconds another
home is burglarized.
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Open Ended
Correct the run-on by putting a period at the end of the first thought and a capital letter at the start of the second thought.
Rewrite the sentences.
8. Our car radio is not working properly we get whistling noises and static
instead of music.
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Open Ended
Correct the run-on by putting a period at the end of the first thought and a capital letter at the start of the second thought.
Rewrite the sentences.
9. That shopping mall has the smell of death about it half the stores are empty.
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Open Ended
Correct the run-on by putting a period at the end of the first thought and a capital letter at the start of the second thought.
Rewrite the sentences.
10. Cats sleep in all sorts of unusual places, our new cat likes to curl up in the
bathroom sink.
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(1. 2) Write a second sentence to go with each sentence below. Start the second sentence with the word given in the margin.
EXAMPLE:
He My dog's ears snapped up. ___
Answer:
My dog's ears snapped up. He had heard a wolf howling on television.
Method 1: Period and a Capital Letter
Practice 1. 2
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Open Ended
Write a second sentence to go with each sentence below. Start the second sentence with the word given in the margin.
They 1. I could not find my car keys. ___
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Open Ended
Write a second sentence to go with each sentence below. Start the second sentence with the word given in the margin.
Then 2. The first thing Marcus ate for dessert was a peach. ____
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Open Ended
Write a second sentence to go with each sentence below. Start the second sentence with the word given in the margin.
She 3. My daughter began screaming. ___
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Open Ended
Write a second sentence to go with each sentence below. Start the second sentence with the word given in the margin.
It 4. The toaster oven was acting strangely. ___
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Open Ended
Write a second sentence to go with each sentence below. Start the second sentence with the word given in the margin.
There 5. Cars had to stop suddenly at the intersection. ___
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Joining words (also called coordinating conjunctions)
include and, but, for, or, nor, so, and yet.
and: in addition, along with
Example:
Natalie was watching Monday night football, and she was doing her homework as well.
Method 2: Comma and a Joining Word
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Joining words (also called coordinating conjunctions)
include and, but, for, or, nor, so, and yet.
but: however, except, on the other hand, just the opposite
Example:
I voted for the president two years ago, but I would not vote for him today.
Method 2: Comma and a Joining Word
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Joining words (also called coordinating conjunctions)
include and, but, for, or, nor, so, and yet.
for: because, the reason why, the cause for something
Example:
Saturday is the worst day to shop, for people jam the stores.
Method 2: Comma and a Joining Word
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(2. 1) Insert the comma and the joining word (and, but, for, so) that logically connects the two thoughts in each sentence. Rewrite the sentences.
EXAMPLE
A trip to the zoo always depresses me I hate to see animals in cages.
A trip to the zoo always depresses me, for I hate to see animals in cages.
Method 2: Comma and a Joining Word
Practice 2. 1
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Open Ended
(2. 1) Insert the comma and the joining word (and, but, for, so) that logically connects the two thoughts in each sentence. Rewrite the sentences.
1. The telephone was ringing someone was at the front door as well.
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Open Ended
(2. 1) Insert the comma and the joining word (and, but, for, so) that logically connects the two thoughts in each sentence. Rewrite the sentences.
2. Something was obviously wrong with the meat loaf it was glowing in the
dark.
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Open Ended
(2. 1) Insert the comma and the joining word (and, but, for, so) that logically connects the two thoughts in each sentence. Rewrite the sentences.
3. Tia and Nina enjoyed the movie they wished the seats had been more
comfortable.
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Open Ended
(2. 1) Insert the comma and the joining word (and, but, for, so) that logically connects the two thoughts in each sentence. Rewrite the sentences.
4. Brett moved from Boston to Los Angeles he wanted to get as far away as
possible from his ex-wife.
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Open Ended
(2. 1) Insert the comma and the joining word (and, but, for, so) that logically connects the two thoughts in each sentence. Rewrite the sentences.
5. I decided to go back to school I felt my brain was turning to slush.
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(2. 2) Add a complete, closely related thought to each of the following statements. When you write the second thought, use a comma plus the joining word shown at the left. Rewrite the sentences.
EXAMPLE
but I was sick with the flu ___
I was sick with the flu, but I still had to study for the test.
Method 2: Comma and a Joining Word
Practice 2. 2
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Open Ended
(2. 2) Add a complete, closely related thought to each of the following statements. When you write the second thought, use a comma plus the joining word shown at the left. Rewrite the sentences.
so 1. The night was hot and humid ___
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Open Ended
(2. 2) Add a complete, closely related thought to each of the following statements. When you write the second thought, use a comma plus the joining word shown at the left. Rewrite the sentences.
but 2. Fred wanted to get a pizza ___
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Open Ended
(2. 2) Add a complete, closely related thought to each of the following statements. When you write the second thought, use a comma plus the joining word shown at the left. Rewrite the sentences.
and 3. Lola went shopping in the morning ___
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Open Ended
(2. 2) Add a complete, closely related thought to each of the following statements. When you write the second thought, use a comma plus the joining word shown at the left. Rewrite the sentences.
for 4. I'm going to sell my car ___
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Open Ended
(2. 2) Add a complete, closely related thought to each of the following statements. When you write the second thought, use a comma plus the joining word shown at the left. Rewrite the sentences.
but 5. I expected the exam to be easy ___
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Method 3: Semicolon (1)
Semicolon: Notice that a semicolon, unlike a comma, can be used alone to connect the two complete thoughts in each sentence.
Examples:
Natalie was watching Monday night football; she was doing her homework as well.
I voted for the president two years ago; I would not vote for him today.
Saturday is the worst day to shop; people jam the stores.
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(3. 1) Insert a semicolon where the break occurs between the two complete thoughts in each of the following sentences. Rewrite the sentences.
EXAMPLE
She had a wig on it looked more like a hat than a wig.
She had a wig on; it looked more like a hat than a wig.
Method 3: Semicolon
Practice 3. 1
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Open Ended
(3. 1) Insert a semicolon where the break occurs between the two complete thoughts in each of the following sentences. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I just canceled my cell phone service the bill was just too expensive.
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Open Ended
(3. 1) Insert a semicolon where the break occurs between the two complete thoughts in each of the following sentences. Rewrite the sentences.
2. Reggie wanted to watch American Idol the rest of the family insisted on
watching a movie.
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Open Ended
(3. 1) Insert a semicolon where the break occurs between the two complete thoughts in each of the following sentences. Rewrite the sentences.
3. Bonnie put a freshly baked batch of chocolate chip cookies on the counter to
cool everyone gathered round for samples.
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Open Ended
(3. 1) Insert a semicolon where the break occurs between the two complete thoughts in each of the following sentences. Rewrite the sentences.
4. About $25 million worth of pizza is eaten each year an average of three
hundred new pizza parlors open every week.
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Open Ended
(3. 1) Insert a semicolon where the break occurs between the two complete thoughts in each of the following sentences. Rewrite the sentences.
5. Nate never heard the third base coach screaming for him to stop he was out
at home plate by ten feet.
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Method 3: Semicolon (2)
Semicolon with a Transition: A semicolon is sometimes used with a transitional word and a comma to join two
complete thoughts.
Examples:
I figured that the ball game would cost me about ten dollars; however, I didn't consider the high price of food and drinks.
Fred and Martha have a low-interest mortgage on their house; otherwise, they would move to another neighborhood.
Sharon didn't understand the instructor's point; therefore, she asked him to repeat it.
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Method 3: Semicolon (2)
Transitional Words
Here is a list of common transitional words (also called adverbial conjunctions).
*** Common Transitional Words
however
on the other hand
nevertheless
instead
moreover
in addition
also
furthermore
therefore
as a result
consequently
otherwise
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(3. 2) For each item, choose a logical transitional word from the box above and write it in the space provided. In addition, put a semicolon before the transition and a comma after it.
EXAMPLE
It was raining harder than ever________ Bobby was determined to go to
the amusement park.
It was raining harder than ever; however, Bobby was determined to go to
the amusement park.
Method 3: Semicolon with a transition
Practice 3. 2
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Fill in the Blank
(3. 2) For each item, choose a logical transitional word from the box above and write it in the space provided. In addition, put a semicolon before the transition and a comma after it.
1. The tree must be sprayed with insecticide ______ the spider mites
will kill it.
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Fill in the Blank
(3. 2) For each item, choose a logical transitional word from the box above and write it in the space provided. In addition, put a semicolon before the transition and a comma after it.
2. I helped the magician set up his props _______ I agreed to let him saw me in
half.
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Fill in the Blank
(3. 2) For each item, choose a logical transitional word from the box above and write it in the space provided. In addition, put a semicolon before the transition and a comma after it.
3. Fred never finished paneling his basement he hired a carpenter to
complete the job.
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Fill in the Blank
(3. 2) For each item, choose a logical transitional word from the box above and write it in the space provided. In addition, put a semicolon before the transition and a comma after it.
4. My house was robbed last week ________ I bought a watchdog.
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Fill in the Blank
(3. 2) For each item, choose a logical transitional word from the box above and write it in the space provided. In addition, put a semicolon before the transition and a comma after it.
5. Juanita is taking five courses this semester _________ she is working forty
hours a week.
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(3. 3) Punctuate each sentence by using a semicolon and a comma. Rewrite the sentences.
EXAMPLE:
Our tap water has a funny taste we buy bottled water to drink.
Our tap water has a funny taste; consequently, we buy bottled water to drink.
Practice 3. 3
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Open Ended
(3. 3) Punctuate each sentence by using a semicolon and a comma. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I arrived early to get a good seat however there were already a hundred
people outside the door.
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Open Ended
(3. 3) Punctuate each sentence by using a semicolon and a comma. Rewrite the sentences.
2. Foul language marred the live boxing match as a result next time the
the network will probably use a tape delay.
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Open Ended
(3. 3) Punctuate each sentence by using a semicolon and a comma. Rewrite the sentences.
3. The fluorescent lights in the library gave Jan a headache furthermore they
distracted her by making a loud humming sound.
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Open Ended
(3. 3) Punctuate each sentence by using a semicolon and a comma. Rewrite the sentences.
4. The broken shells on the beach were like tiny razors consequently we walked along with extreme caution.
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Open Ended
(3. 3) Punctuate each sentence by using a semicolon and a comma. Rewrite the sentences.
5. Ted carefully combed and recombed his hair nevertheless his bald spot still
showed.
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Method 4: Subordination
Dependent Words: Notice that when we subordinate, we use dependent words like because, when, and although.
*** Common Dependent Words
after
before
unless
although
even though
until
as
if
when
because
since
while
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Method 4: Subordination
(4. 1) Choose a logical dependent word from the list below and write it in the space provided.
after; before; unless; although; even though; until; as; if; when; because; since; while
EXAMPLE:
Although going up a ladder is easy, looking down can be difficult.
Practice 4. 1
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Fill in the Blank
(4. 1) Choose a logical dependent word from the list below and write it in the space provided.
after; before; unless; although; even though; until; as; if; when; because; since; while
(Answers may vary.)
1. The instructor is lowering my grade in the course ____ I was late for class three times.
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Fill in the Blank
(4. 1) Choose a logical dependent word from the list below and write it in the space provided.
after; before; unless; although; even though; until; as; if; when; because; since; while
(Answers may vary.)
2. ____ the airplane dropped a few feet, my stomach rose a few feet.
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Fill in the Blank
(4. 1) Choose a logical dependent word from the list below and write it in the space provided.
after; before; unless; although; even though; until; as; if; when; because; since; while
3. ____ the football game was being played, we sent out for a pizza.
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Fill in the Blank
(4. 1) Choose a logical dependent word from the list below and write it in the space provided.
after; before; unless; although; even though; until; as; if; when; because; since; while
(Answers may vary.)
4. ____ the football game was over, we went out for another pizza.
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Fill in the Blank
(4. 1) Choose a logical dependent word from the list below and write it in the space provided.
after; before; unless; although; even though; until; as; if; when; because; since; while
(Answers may vary.)
5. You should talk to a counselor ____ you decide on your courses for
next semester.
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Run-ons
By Marina Khann
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