Space Physics 1: Earth and Solar System

Space Physics 1: Earth and Solar System

By Akram Varqid

Earth

Earth is a planet that we lives in

It rotates on its axis that causes night and day taking 24 hours long

It orbits the sun at 365 days per cycle, causing seasonal change

It have one moon, that rotates earth at one month per cycle​

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As earth orbit the sun, the hemisphere that further from sun will experience cold season. This is because axis is tilted.

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Orbiting cause seasons

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As earth rotates, the location that face the sun will experience day time. As it moves further from bright area, it slowly become night.

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Night and Day Phenomena

Orbiting moon makes it visible to us as different phase, as the part that reflect sunlight towards earth changes​

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Moon phase

Orbiting object moves in elliptical shape, which is a type of circle. A circle length can be represented by 2πr which r is radius. So, orbital speed can be say as

v = ​(2πr)/t where t is time taken

Orbital speed

Zooming out from earth, we can see the solar system

Solar System

Solar System start with 'Solar'

Main member is 1 sun, 8 planet

​Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Other member includes:

Dwarf planet like Pluto

Asteroids​ in asteroid belt

Moon that orbits their planet​

Comets and natural satellites​

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Accretion model

1. Initially, it started with gas cloud called nebula with tiny particles

2. The particles then combine to the center becoming a star and increasing gravity, pulling surrounding particles to it or circling it

3. The circling particles also sometime combine become bigger later become planets and moons. Planet and moon circles the sun

4. This is why center of earth and solar system is hard and rocky and outside the center is atmosphere or gas planets

5. This is why most planet moves, rotate in same direction and plane

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Gravity

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Gravity

The larger mass the larger gravity force

Sun have the strongest gravity, compared to all planets combined

The further from gravity source, the lower the force​

Gravity of sun keep all object orbiting the sun

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Interplanetary Data

The further from sun, orbital distance become longer

The further from sun, orbital duration become longer​

The further from sun, surface temperature planet become lower​

Higher planet density, higher gravity​

The further from sun, gravity by sun is lower to the planet

As planet in ellipse orbit closer towards the sun, gravity higher and speed higher​

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Subject | Subject

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Quiz Time!

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Multiple Choice

Time for earth one orbit

• 1 day

• 1 month

• 1 year

Multiple Choice

Time for earth one rotation

• 1 day

• 1 month

• 1 year

Multiple Choice

Time for moon one orbit

• 1 day

• 1 month

• 1 year

Poll

Movement of moon causes

• Day and Night

• Seasons

• Tides

Multiple Choice

Movement of earth causes

• Day and Night

• Seasons

• Tides

Multiple Choice

Orbits are in shape of

• Circle

• Ellipse

Multiple Choice

Which are rocky planet

• Mercury

• Neptune

Multiple Choice

Which are hotter planet

• Venus

• Mars