U.S. History - Civil and Voting Rights

U.S. History - Civil and Voting Rights

By Mr. Carrizales

Segregation in the North

►De facto segregation: segregated by unwritten custom or tradition, face of life

►African Americans were denied housing in many neighborhoods and faced discrimination in employment (NORTH)

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​The Impact of Segregation

►African Americans received low-paying jobs

►Higher rates of poverty and illiteracy

►Lower rates of homeownership and life expectancy

►Couldn’t vote in the south

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​The Civil Rights Movement Grows

•Congress of Racial Equality (CORE): became convinced to use non-violent methods to gain civil rights

–Organized Protests in northern cities​

•President Truman used his executive power to order the desegregation of the military

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​Civil Disobedience = Non Violent Protest

►Boycotts

§Refusing to buy goods or services from a business in order to force it to change its policies

►Hunger strikes

§Refusing to eat anything in order to get attention for your cause

►Petitions

§Writing a letter to ask the government or a company to change its policy, and then getting as many people to sign it as possible.

►Marches and demonstrations

§Getting as many people as possible to gather in one place to get attention to your cause

►Strikes

§Refusing to work in order to force your managers or government to change their policies

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​Desegregation of the Armed Forces

►Desegregation of the armed forces – in 1948, by Executive Order, President Truman ended segregation in the armed forces, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin.”

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​Post WW-II

•African Americans grew dissatisfied with their second-class status after WWII

–Risked their lives defending freedom abroad

•Civil Rights Movement-a broad and diverse effort to attain racial equality

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​GI Bill

Commonly known as the GI Bill, the Servicemen's Readjustment Act offered veterans a year of unemployment pay after their homecoming; guaranties for loans to purchase homes, businesses, or farms; and tuition and living stipends for college or vocational programs.

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​GI BILL

was a law that provided a range of benefits for some of the returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as G.I.s). The original G.I. Bill expired in 1956, but the term "G.I. Bill" is still used to refer to programs created to assist some of the U.S. military veterans.

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​Notable Leaders

►Thurgood Marshall, lawyer, cases involving school segregation (Brown v Board)

§1st African American SC Justice

►Rosa Parks—refuses to give up her seat on the bus to a white man and as a result the Montgomery Bus Boycott occurs.

►Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.—he gains national prominence as a leader during the Montgomery Bus Boycott.  Arrested in Birmingham

§Letter from a Birmingham Jail.

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​The Civil Rights Act of 1964

►Because of the Civil Rights movement, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  This law ended all racial discrimination in public facilities such as restrooms, restaurants, buses, movie theaters, and swimming pools.

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​The Civil Rights Act of 1964

•The act banned segregation in public accommodations

•Gave the federal government the ability to desegregate schools

•Prosecute individuals who violated people’s civil rights

•Outlawed discrimination in employment

•Established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

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​The Voting Rights Act 1965

►Prohibited discrimination at voting polls

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►Established bilingual ballots in areas with large amount of non-English speaking minorities

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►Outlawed literacy tests for voters

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►Gave Federal Government power to oversee all elections

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