6.4 Energy Test

6.4 Energy Test

6th Grade Science

Electromagnetic (EM) Spectrum-Comes from the sun (solar radiation)!

-​EM waves transfer energy from one place to another through a vacuum of space.

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-As frequency increases, wavelength decreases. The shortest wavelength with highest frequency are gamma rays.

-​As frequency decreases, wavelength increases.

The longest wavelength with lowest frequency are radio waves. ​

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​What is the difference between ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation?

​-Ultraviolet radiation causes sunburn and cancer. It is the shortest out of the three, and meets up with violet visible light.

-Visible light can be seen (from shortest to longest-violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red). It falls between ultraviolet and infrared radiation.

-Infrared radiation is used in toasters and grills as heat. It is the longest out of the three, and meets up with red visible light. ​

Multiple Choice

Examine the diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum.

 

Why do gamma rays have the most energy?

• Gamma rays have the lowest frequency and shortest wavelength.

• Gamma rays have the highest frequency and shortest wavelength.

• Gamma rays have the highest frequency and longest wavelength.

• Gamma rays have the lowest frequency and longest wavelength.

Multiple Choice

Which electromagnetic wave carries the least energy?

• Radio waves

• Ultraviolet rays

• Visible light

• Gamma waves

Multiple Choice

The correct order from left to right is....

• Infrared light, visible light, and ultraviolet light

• Visible light, Ultraviolet Light, Infrared light

• Ultraviolet light, Visible light, Infrared light

• Infrared light, Visible light, Ultraviolet light

Multiple Choice

What drives the process of photosynthesis?

• 3

• 1

• 4

• 2

Multiple Choice

A teacher placed the following three terms on the board: infrared, visible light, and ultraviolet. What are the students most likely learning about in class?

• Energy transformations

• Type of solar radiation

• Types of Energy Resources

• The Earth's solar energy budget

Earth's Energy Budget

​-If we give off less energy than we receive, the Earth will heat up.

-If we give off more energy than we receive, the Earth will cool down. ​

-About 30% of the sun's energy is reflected.

-About 70% of the sun's energy is absorbed.​

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Greenhouse Effect

-Atmospheric gases trap heat. Carbon dioxide is a huge contributor of the Greenhouse Effect.

-Some is ok, too much will heat Earth up! ​

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Multiple Choice

What percentage of the Earth's energy budget is reflected back into space?

• 6%

• 64%

• 30%

• 51%

Multiple Choice

A student drew the shown energy budget for Earth. The percentage that is most likely incorrect in the student's figure is the amount of sunlight

• reflected by the surface

• reflected by the clouds

• absorbed by the ground

• absorbed by water vapor and dust

Multiple Choice

What is the greenhouse effect?

• Storing ultraviolet radiations of the Sun within Earth’s interior

• Cooling of Earth’s surface by emitting blackbody radiations

• Trapping the Sun’s heat energy by Earth’s atmospheric gases

   

• Reflecting back all the visible light energy that falls on Earth’s surface

Conduction and Conductors

When talking about conduction and conductors, thermal energy is being transferred from one substance to another. Matter has thermal energy and thermal energy is associated with the temperature of matter. The warmer the temperature of the substance, the more thermal energy the substance has at that moment. Substances with thermal energy can transfer their thermal energy to other objects that are directly in contact with it. The transfer of thermal energy is called heat. When one substance is heated, it gains thermal energy and its temperature increases. This transfer of thermal energy between two substances is known as conduction. During conduction heat transfers from a hot object to a cold object. Heat always transfers from hot to cold, and never the other way around. Certain materials serve as better conductors or can attract heat, better than others. Many pots and pans are made of stainless steel because it conducts heat very well, which is helpful when trying to cook food. There are some substances that are not good at conducting heat, and they are called insulators. Insulators are poor conductors of heat and consist of things like plastics, rubber, and glass. Insulators are often used to help prevent the conduction of heat between substances.

Multiple Choice

A styrofoam sleeve added to a cup filled with hot chocolate.

• Insulator

• Conductor

Multiple Choice

The stainless steel found in thermos used to keep liquids warm.

• Insulator

• Conductor

Multiple Choice

The rubber mat on a floor people step on when entering noisy areas like a gym.

• Insulator

• Conductor

Multiple Choice

The aluminum pan used to store food after it comes out the oven.

• Insulator

• Conductor

Radiation, Conduction, Convection

Radiation- the transfer of thermal energy without touching.

​​Examples: ​sun, fire, electric heater

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Conduction- the transfer of thermal energy ​through touching.

​Examples: ​holding an ice cube, walking on hot sand, a pot touching a hot eye

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Convection- the ​transfer of thermal energy through the up and down movement of liquids or gases.

Examples: ​heating your house by a furnace, drying shoes over an air vent, noodles moving in a cooking pot

Multiple Choice

Which statement best explains the movement of convection currents?

• Warm materials expand and rise, while cold materials contract and sink.

• Warm materials expand and sink, while cold materials contract and rise.

• Warm materials contract and sink, while cold materials expand and rise.

• Warm materials contract and rise, while cold materials expand and sink.

Multiple Choice

What energy process is causing the fish to cook?

• Thermal Invection

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Multiple Choice

What is the source of radiation in the picture?

• The pan

• The fire

• The hand

• The fish

Multiple Choice

What type of process do the arrows in the pot indicate?

• Convection

• Induction

• Radiation

• Conduction

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT an example of conduction?

• Holding an ice cube

• Air from an air vent

• Walking on hot sand

• A pot cooking on a stove

Multiple Choice

What is NOT an example of radiation?

• Heat from a campfire

• Heat from a heating pad

• Heat from an electric heater

• Heat from the sun

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT an example of convection?

• Heating your house by a furnace

• Drying shoes over an air vent

• Walking on hot sand

• Noodles moving in a cooking pot

   

Forms of Energy

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Potential/Kinetic/Mechanical Energy

Potential energy is stored energy/energy at rest. The higher an object is above the ground, the more potential energy.

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Kinetic energy is energy in motion. The greater speed an object has, the greater kinetic energy.

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Mechanical energy is used when referring to an object with moving parts, like a fan, a person's fingers, a wind turbine, etc. ​

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Solar/Radiant/Light Energy (kinetic)-

Energy from the sun that is shown as visible light. (solar panels)

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​Nuclear Energy (potential)-

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom (nuclear power plant)

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Sound Energy (kinetic)-

​Energy that travels in waves through vibrations. (guitar, bell ringing)

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​Chemical (potential)-

Energy stored in chemical bonds (food, gasoline, batteries)

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Thermal (kinetic and potential)-

The total kinetic and potential energy within an object at rest through heat. (The more an object heats up, the faster the molecules move.)

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Electromagnetic (kinetic)-

Energy that travels through waves. (microwaves, ultraviolet, infrared, visible light, gamma, radio waves) ​

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​Electrical (Potential and Kinetic)

Energy of electric charges. (appliances, chargers, electronics, etc.)

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Multiple Choice

How do solar panels create electricity?

• Energy is produced inside the solar panel by the movement of small gears.

• The solar panel constantly moves in the wind to create and preserve energy.

• The energy from the sun is absorbed and retained by the solar panels.

• Solar panels store energy that has been transferred to the panel through gasoline fuel.

Multiple Choice

What conclusion can be made about the relationship between the speed of the skater and kinetic energy?

• The greater the speed the less kinetic energy the skater has.

• The greater the speed the more kinetic energy the skater has.

• The slower the speed the more kinetic energy the skater has.

• The is no relationship between the speed and kinetic energy.

Multiple Choice

The energy stored in the center of atoms is called —

• heat energy

• nuclear energy

• chemical energy

• mechanical energy

Multiple Select

Identify each object that transforms a form of energy into mechanical energy.

Energy Transformations

-A change of energy from one form to another.

-The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed!

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Remember what we learned about forms of energy, and then think about with what forms of energy do we start and end? ​

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Multiple Choice

When you light a fireplace, the chemical energy changes into which form of energy?

• Mechanical

• Nuclear

• Heat

• Electrical

Multiple Choice

A student listens to music on the radio.

• Wind Energy to Electricity

• Light Energy to Electricity

• Electricity to Sound Energy

• Chemical Energy to Mechanical Energy

Multiple Choice

A student eats food which allows him to run and play.

• Wind Energy to Electricity

• Light Energy to Electricity

• Electricity to Sound Energy

• Chemical Energy to Mechanical Energy

Multiple Choice

Turbines supply power to the electrical grid

• Wind Energy to Electricity

• Light Energy to Electricity

• Electricity to Sound Energy

• Chemical Energy to Mechanical Energy

Multiple Choice

Solar panels are used to provide power to a house.

• Wind Energy to Electricity

• Light Energy to Electricity

• Electricity to Sound Energy

• Chemical Energy to Mechanical Energy

Multiple Choice

A geothermal power plant has built a series of pipes to create steam from the heat of the Earth to spin turbines that produce electricity. What type of energy conversion is created at this power plant?

• Thermal → Mechanical → Electrical

• Thermal → Electrical → Mechanical

• Electrical → Mechanical → Thermal

• Mechanical → Thermal → Electrical

Multiple Choice

When you light a fireplace, the chemical energy changes into which form of energy?

• Mechanical

• Nuclear

• Heat

• Electrical

Multiple Choice

The leaves of a plant absorb the sun's energy and convert that energy into a sugar molecule. This process is an example of —

 

• mechanical energy being transformed into chemical energy

• mechanical energy being transformed into light energy

• light energy being transformed into chemical energy

• light energy being transformed into electrical energy

Multiple Choice

What energy transformation occurs when gasoline burns in an automobile?

• chemical → heat + light

• chemical → mechanical + heat

• mechanical → chemical + electrical

• heat → electrical + mechanical