Unit 6-7 recap

Q4 Interim Review

By Victoria Romero

Multiple Choice

Changes in the structure of which group of biological substances (macromolecules) is primarily responsible for changes in species over time?

• carbohydrates

• nucleic acids

• proteins

• lipids

​Nucleic Acids!!!

​the more similairties in the DNA Sequence (which #tb is the code for a protein) between oragnisms = the more closely related they are

​biochemical evidence (for evolution)

​TGC

ACG

Thr

Multiple Choice

Which is a question Lamarck (Inheritance of Acquired Traits) MOST LIKELY would have asked when developing his evolutionary hypothesis?

• Is artificial selection the basis for evolution?

• Is evolutionary change the result of survival of the fittest?

• Can a small population size increase the rate of evolution?

• Can body structures change according to the actions of the organism?

Multiple Choice

Your friend remarks, “The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; as a result, its offspring inherited longer necks.” Which statement is the BEST response to correct your friend’s misconception?

• overproduction of offspring leads to a struggle for survival

• disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance

• only favorable adaptations have survival value and unfavorable adaptations are removed from the population

• characteristics acquired during an organism’s life are generally not passed on through genes to its offspring

​why lamark was wrong

• organisms can not force themselves to adapt (random mutations are needed!)

• acquired characteristics are NOT inherited (just bc I have tattoos does not mean my child will be born with a tattoo)

• ibndivudals do no evolve...a population evolves​

Multiple Choice

Use the information and diagram to answer the following question.

The diagram shows two populations of bacteria. The black circles represent bacteria that are not resistant to antibiotics, the white circles represent bacteria that are slightly resistant, and the gray circles represent bacteria that are very resistant. Starting in April, small concentrations of antibiotic were applied to the bacteria.

Which of the following BEST explains the change observed?

• Antibiotics became chemically weaker over time and lost effectiveness.

• The use of the antibiotics caused the bacteria to become tolerant to them in order to survive.

• The antibiotics caused a mutation in the bacteria population. The bacteria survived the antibiotics and reproduced.

• A random mutation caused an individual bacteria to be resistant to antibiotics. This bacterium survived the antibiotics and reproduced. 

Multiple Choice

The chart below lists, in no particular order, three events related to the development of life on Earth.

According to most scientists, which sequence best represents the order in which these events occurred?

• Y → W → X

• X → Y → W

• W → X → Y

• X → W → Y

Multiple Choice

Megan constructs an effective argument supporting the claim that homologous structures show evidence of common descent. What information does she NOT want to include in her paragraph

• Homologous structures have similar DNA in their cells

• Homologous structures have different functions in different animals.

• Homologous structures have similar functions in different animals.

• Homologous structures have a similar form in different animals.

​don't forget...

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we also talked about: vestigial structures, biochemical evidence, Embryological evidence ​

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and how they were evidence for convergent or divergent evolution ​

Multiple Choice

Which scenario MOST LIKELY represents genetic drift and why?

• Scenario 1, because chance events led to a decrease in the number of dark beetles. 

• Scenario 1, because the light beetles are most fit for the environment.

• Scenario 2, because the dark beetles are most fit for the environment.

• Scenario 2, because chance events led to a decrease in the number of light beetles. 

​key word = hurricane​

bottle neck effect: random loss of genetic variation due to natural environmental events, natural disasters, disease, or human involvement.

GENETIC DRIFT ​A change to a population's gene pool by chance

• frequency of traits changes in a population due to chance events

• two types: Founders effect and Bottleneck Eff​ect

Multiple Choice

The images show the evolution of mollusks in two different locations over a period of one million years.The bottom layer contains the oldest fossils, and the top layer contains the most recent fossils. The largest mollusks are different species from the smallest mollusks. Which image BEST represents punctuated equilibrium?

• Image A, because there is a period of rapid change in a short amount of time.

• Image A, because speciation resulted in the production of two species.

• Image B, because there is a large size difference between the older and more recent fossils.

• Image B, because the larger mollusk was more fit for the environment.

​GRADUALISM: pattern of evolution where species evolve slowly over time (intermediate forms)

​PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM: A pattern of evolution where there is rapid change in a species between times of stasis in their environment

​small shells and suddenly there is large shells. There is no intermediate size it just rapidly shows up...punctuated

Multiple Choice

Wooly beasts are mammals that survive predominantly on termites and ground vegetation.  Termites are an insect. A population of wooly beasts were brought to an island where there are only burrowing termites. Overtime, individuals with extremely long snouts tended to survive better as they could access the termites better than those who did not have long snouts.

Which model and explanation accurately portrays the change in wooly beast phenotypes as a result of the conditions on the island?

• Model A because it displays disruptive selection in favor of only extremely long snouts.

• Model B because it displays directional selection in favor of only extremely long snouts.

• Model C because it displays directional selection in favor of extremely long and extremely short snouts.

• Model A because it displays stabilizing selection in favor of extremely short and extremely long snouts.