Solution Stoichiometry

Solution Stoichiometry

By Gail Centeno

Solute - part of the solution that dissolves in the solvent; typically salts (cation, anion)

Solvent - part of the solution that does the dissolving; typically water is the solvent​

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Solutions

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moles solute = M

L solution​

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Ratio that explains the amount of solute (moles) per volume solution (L)​

Molarity

Multiple Choice

Determine the molarity of a solution consisting of 107 grams Na₂CO₃ in 510 mL distilled water.

• 2.0 M

• 1.0 M

• 0.0020 M

• 0.51 M

Multiple Choice

How many grams NaOH are needed to make a 0.75M solution in a total volume 800.mL?

• 48 grams

• 24 grams

• 12 grams

• 100 grams

Multiple Choice

A chemist dissolves 50.0 grams KNO₃ in distilled water to make 1.50M solution. What volume (mL) of water is required?

• 3000 mL

• 1300 mL

• 520 mL

• 330 mL

Acid - proton donor

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Base - proton acceptor​

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Acids and Bases

Open Ended

Write the chemical formulas of the 7 Strong Acids

Strong Acids - 100% ionization; products are only made

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Weak Acids - Partial ionization; very little product is made​

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Percent Ionization

Draw

Write the ionization reaction for HNO₃

Draw

Write the ionization reaction for HClO₂

​Ionization Reactions

• ​Why do some reactions have a double arrow and a single arrow?

• What do you notice about charges on the reactant and product side?​

• What do you notice about the proton transfer?​

Draw

Write the ionization reaction for CH₃COOH

Draw

Write the ionization reaction for H₂SO₃

Multiple Choice

Which solution would be considered acidic?

• pH = 3.5

• pH = 7.0

• pH = 8.3

• pH = 12.0

Open Ended

Give 3 descriptions about the pH scale.

Open Ended

What does BLUE litmus paper show?

Open Ended

What does RED litmus paper show?

Open Ended

If a solution is acidic, what can be said about the [H₃O⁺] concentration?

pH = - log [H₃O⁺]

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[H₃O⁺] = 10^-pH​

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Multiple Choice

A solution has [H₃O⁺] = 7.0x10^-5 M

Which is correct about this solution?

• Acidic solution with pH = 5.0

• Basic solution with pH = 4.2

• Acidic solution with pH = 4.2

• Neutral solution with pH = 7.0

Multiple Choice

A solution has a pH = 8.42

Which is correct about his solution?

• Basic solution with [H₃O⁺] = 3.8x10^-9 M

• Acidic solution with [H₃O⁺] = 3.8x10^-9 M

• Neutal solution with [H₃O⁺] = 1.0x10^-7 M

• Basic solution with [H₃O⁺] = 1.0x10^-9 M

Draw

Identify the conjugate base of the weak acid, H₂CO₃

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

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Conjugate Acid-Base Pair

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Draw

Write the ionization reaction for the weak acid, H2SO3. Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs.