The Persian Wars

The Persian Wars

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• Persians conquered Ionia

• forced to pay tax & serve in Persian Army

• ​After 50 yrs., looked for Greek mainland to help

• ​Athenian soldiers sent (left before the end)

• Persians defeated Ionians

• destroyed city​ & sold some into slavery

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​PERSIA: 1 GREEKS: 0​

The Ionian Revolt

Multiple Choice

What was the PRIMARY cause of the Persian Wars?

• The Greeks wanted to establish more colonies in Asia Minor.

• They fought over control of the trade routes of the Aegean region.

• The Greeks refused to allow the Persians to participate in the Olympic games.

• The Persians wanted to punish the Greek city-states for supporting Ionia's revolt against the Persians.

• King Darius I = MAD

• 20,000 Persians sailed to Marathon

• ​Athens outnumbered

• Athenian General used strategic battle formation in order to compensate

• surprising Greek victory = end of 1st Persian War

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​PERSIA: 1 GREEKS: 1​

Battle of Marathon

Multiple Choice

Who was the king of Persia at the start of the Persian Wars?

• King Leonidas

• King Cyrus

• King Darius

• King Xerxes

• Xerxes (son of Darius) determined to defeat Greeks

• invasion of 100,000 men​

• Spartans teamed with Athens

• ​Thermopylae = strategic place to hold off Persian

• Greek traitor showed other path

• Leonidas kept 300 Spartans to slow them down (all died)

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​PERSIA: 2 GREEKS: 1​

Battle of Thermopylae

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Multiple Choice

Because of a ____________________ the Persians were shown a path along the mountain ridge-

• Athenian

• loyal Persian

• king

• traitor

Multiple Choice

Leonidas sent the majority of the Greeks back to Athens but kept his personal guards, 300, to _________________________

• join the Persians

• stall the Persians

• defeat the Athenians

• burn Athens

• Athenians FLEE - city empty

• Xerxes burned Athens - watched from throne

• Themistocles = Athenian Naval leader

• ​lured Persians into narrow channel (convinced of a surrender)

• TRAP - Greek ships hidden / broke Persian Naval power

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​PERSIA: 2 GREEKS: 2

Battle of Salamis

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Multiple Choice

How did the Greeks win the Battle of Salamis?

• They had more ships.

• They had cannons, and the Persians did not.

• They bombarded the Persian Ships from the Shore.

• They tricked the Persians into thinking they were retreating, and trapped them in a narrow waterway.

• Final battle of Persian Wars

• 80,000 Greeks met Persians at town of Plataea

• allied forced of Greek city-states WIN

• end of Greco-Persian Wars

• held on to independence / kept Persians from conquering rest o Europe

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​PERSIA: 2 GREEKS: 3

Battle of Plataea

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Multiple Choice

Name that battle:

• 480 B.C.E. along a thin channel
• Greek naval fleet outnumbered Persians
• Greece sank 300 Persian ships
• Greek victory

• Battle of Salamis

• Battle of Marathon

• Battle of Thermoplyae

• Battle of Plataea

Multiple Choice

Name that battle:

• 480 B.C.E.
• King Leonidas refused to surrender
• 300 brave Spartans died
• Persian victory

• Battle of Marathon

• Battle of Thermoplyae

• Battle of Salamis

• Battle of Plataea

Multiple Choice

Name that battle:

• 490 B.C.E.
• Athens fought alone
• Militiades led Athenians in a phallanx formation
• Greek victory

• Battle of Marathon

• Battle of Plataea

• Battle of Salamis

• Battle of Thermoplyae

Multiple Choice

Name that battle:

-479 B.C.E

-80,000 Greek soldiers led by Spartans

-Xerxes is defeated!

-Greek independence won

• Battle of Marathon

• Battle of Thermoplyae

• Battle of Salamis

• Battle of Plataea

Multiple Choice

Who am I?

I led the Persian army for most of the war, after my father died.

• Cyrus

• Xerxes

• Pheidippides

• Leonidas

Multiple Choice

Who am I?

I conquered the Ionian Colony hoping to broaden my empire. I was defeated at the Battle of Marathon.

• Xerxes

• Leonidas

• Themistocles

• Darius

Multiple Choice

Who am I?

I led the Greeks in the battle of Thermoplyae. I died with my fellow Spartan soldiers as one of the brave 300.

• Militiades

• Themistocles

• Leonidas

• Xerxes

Multiple Choice

Who am I?

I pretended to change sides and tricked Xerxes into leading his troops to a narrow hellespont, where the Athenian navy sunk 300 Persian ships. Though I may be shady, I successfully won the battle of Salamis for the Greeks.

• Cyrus

• Themistocles

• Militiades

• Leonidas